Gene frequencies of human platelet antigens in the Macedonian population

Abstract

Human platelet antigen (HPA) systems consist of more than 12 bi-allelic antigen polymorphisms. Due to these polymorphisms, platelet-membrane glycoproteins can be recognized as alloantigens or autoantigens and can cause conditions such as fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, post-transfusion refractoriness to platelets, and post-transfusion throbocytopenic purpura. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of HPA-1, -2, -3, and -5 in Macedonian population by using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The allele frequencies were 0.865 for HPA-1a, 0.135 for HPA-1b, 0.852 for HPA-2a, 0.148 for HPA-2b, 0.578 for HPA-3a, 0.422 for HPA-3b, 0.909 for HPA-5a, and 0.091 for HPA-5b. Results of our study were not significantly different from those reported in the other European studies. Our population displayed the highest frequency for HPA-2b allele (0.148) reported among European population.

Platelet‐specific alloantigens and antibodies in Tunisian women after three or more pregnancies

“…The distribution of HPA-1 and -3 was consistent with that in Caucasians (Pavkovic et al, 2006). By contrast, the frequency of HPA-5b was higher in our population than in Caucasians.…”

The human platelet alloantigen profile in blood donors from Amazonas, Brazil

“…This suggests GPIIIa T176C AA 148 74 0·64 0·8625 0·1375 18·09 AB 49 24·5 BB 3 1·5 HPA-2 GPIIa T482C AA 144 72 0·45 0·8525 0·1475 18·82 AB 53 26·5 BB 3 1·5 HPA-3 GPIIb T2621G AA 86 43 0·44 0·665 0·335 24·70 AB 94 that HPA-3b, although not suitable for hierarchical clustering, may have a clinically relevant impact. Our population displayed HPA-2 frequencies that were not significantly different from those reported for Macedonia (Pavkovic et al, 2006). The prevalence of HPA-2b observed in this study and the prevalence among São Paulo blood donors (Conti et al, 2014) were lower than those found for other populations in Brazil.…”

“…Our population displayed HPA‐2 frequencies that were not significantly different from those reported for Macedonia (Pavkovic et al , ). The prevalence of HPA‐2 b observed in this study and the prevalence among São Paulo blood donors (Conti et al , ) were lower than those found for other populations in Brazil.…”

“…The genotype and allele frequencies were estimated by direct counting, and the results were compared with the values published for blood donors and/or healthy individuals worldwide (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/hpa/freqs_1.html). A 2 test or Fisher's exact test was performed to individually compare the allele frequencies of each HPA polymorphic system between the Amazonas blood donors and the data reported for 38 population groups worldwide (Muniz-Diaz et al, 1993;Santoso et al, 1993;Holensteiner et al, 1995;Kekomaki et al, 1995;Kim et al, 1995;Tanaka et al, 1995;Steffensen et al, 1996;Carlsson et al, 1997;Merieux et al, 1997;Drzewek et al, 1998;Seo et al, 1998;Castro et al, 1999;Korinkova et al, 1999;Mojaat et al, 1999;Rozman et al, 1999;Sellers et al, 1999;Mazzucco et al, 2000;Nogues et al, 2000;Bennett et al, 2002;Ferrer et al, 2002;Boehlen et al, 2003;Jones et al, 2003;Randen et al, 2003;Shih et al, 2003;Halle et al, 2004Halle et al, , 2005Kulkarni et al, 2005;Feng et al, 2006;Pavkovic et al, 2006;De La Vega Elena et al, 2008;Bhatti et al, 2010;Pavic et al, 2010;Tan et al, 2012;Conti et al, 2014). A hierarchical classification of all analysed populations was carried out based on a allele frequencies from five HPA polymorphic systems using Cluster 3·0 and Java Tree View software packages (Eisen Lab, University of California, Berkeley).…”

The importance of platelet antigens and antibodies in immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia

“…Ethnical variabilities of HPA frequency distribution As described above, the HPA systems involved in NAIT vary between Caucasian and Japanese, the HPA-1 system being predominant in the former and the HPA-4 system in the latter. As shown in Table 2 [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49], presently, there are reports on the frequency distribution of HPAs from different Asian countries, and although differences exist, it seems that the HPA-1 system, like in Japan, is not important in the majority of them. On the other hand, the HPA-4 system, which is important in Japan, is also relevant in South Korea and possibly Indonesia (2 contradictory reports), but not in the other countries.…”