“…A number of approaches have been pursued with varying degrees of success: manipulation of oocytes/spermatozoa or newly laid eggs; production of chimeras using primordial germ cells or chick ES cell equivalents; and gene transfer using viral vectors (Mozdziak and Petitte, 2004;Petitte et al, 2004;Sang, 2004). Oncogenic viruses have shown promise (Ishii et al, 2004), including avian leucosis virus (ALV) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) (Salter et al, 1986;Salter et al, 1987;Bosselman et al, 1989a;Bosselman et al, 1989b), and Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) (Mizuarai et al, 2001). A newly reported MoMLVtransduced chick, utilizing the vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV-G) vector pseudotyping system, expresses GFP under control of the rous sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter (Kwon et al, 2004).…”