Gene Microarray Assessment of Multiple Genes and Signal Pathways Involved in Androgen-dependent Prostate Cancer Becoming Androgen Independent

Abstract

To study the gene expression change and possible signal pathway during androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) becoming androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC), an LNCaP cell model of AIPC was established using flutamide in combination with androgen-free environment inducement, and differential expression genes were screened by microarray. Then the biological process, molecular function and KEGG pathway of differential expression genes are analyzed by Molecule Annotation System (MAS). By comparison of 12,207 expression genes, 347 expression genes were acquired, of which 156 were up-ragulated and 191 down-regulated. After analyzing the biological process and molecule function of differential expression genes, these genes are found to play crucial roles in cell proliferation, differntiation, cell cycle control, protein metabolism and modification and other biological process, serve as signal molecules, enzymes, peptide hormones, cytokines, cytoskeletal proteins and adhesion molecules. The analysis of KEGG show that the relevant genes of AIPC transformation participate in glutathione metabolism, cell cycle, P53 signal pathway, cytochrome P450 metabolism, Hedgehog signal pathway, MAPK signal pathway, adipocytokines signal pathway, PPAR signal pathway, TGF-β signal pathway and JAK-STAT signal pathway. In conclusion, during the process of ADPC becoming AIPC, it is not only one specific gene or pathway, but multiple genes and pathways that change. The findings above lay the foundation for study of AIPC mechanism and development of AIPC targeting drugs.

DNA methylation screening of primary prostate tumors identifies SRD5A2 and CYP11A1 as candidate markers for assessing risk of biochemical recurrence

“…Plasma‐derived cfDNA found in an individual is largely contributed by tissue DNA being shed into the blood stream due to necrosis and apoptosis . While healthy individuals have very low cfDNA amount in the plasma, cancer patients tend to have increased levels of cfDNA and patients with more aggressive and/or metastatic cancer have even higher levels of plasma‐derived cfDNA . Studies have shown that the blood of cancer patients contains cfDNA that matches specific DNA mutations and chromosomal translocations originally present in primary tumors .…”

Characterization of long non-coding RNA expression profiles in lymph node metastasis of early-stage cervical cancer

“…Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed using Molecule Annotation System (MAS) V3.01 (CapitalBio Corp., Beijing, China). MAS provides a series of comprehensive functional annotation tools to elucidate the biological meaning of differentially expressed genes ( 23 ). GO is the product of a collaborative effort to address the need for consistent descriptions of gene products among several databases and covers the following three domains: Biological Process, Cellular Component and Molecular Function.…”

Downregulated microRNA-26a modulates prostate cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting COX-2

“…The primary reasons for ADPC becoming AIPC are gene expression variation, signal pathway abnormity, and dysregulation of proto-oncogenes, cancer suppressor genes and growth factors (4). At present, studies have identified a large number of relevant genes and signal pathways of prostate cancer (5)(6)(7). However, since the biological behavior of prostate cancer is extremely complex, any of the aforementioned hypotheses cannot clarify the pathogenetic mechanism of AIPC (6).…”

“…However, since the biological behavior of prostate cancer is extremely complex, any of the aforementioned hypotheses cannot clarify the pathogenetic mechanism of AIPC (6). Therefore, identification of genes involved in the transition from ADPC to AIPC is important to extend the current knowledge of AIPC (7).…”