Gene nomenclature guidelines for the planarian <i>Schmidtea mediterranea</i>

Reddien, Peter W.; Newmark, Phillip A.; Alvarado, Alejandro Sánchez

doi:10.1002/dvdy.21623

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Sequences were excluded if they shared similarity with genes previously annotated to be other than neuropeptide prohormones. All genes were named according to the S. mediterranea genome nomenclature guidelines [105].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Analyses Reveal a Role for Peptide Hormones in Planarian Germline Development

et al. 2010

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Analyses Reveal a Role for Peptide Hormones in Planarian Germline Development

et al. 2010

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“…A previous phylogenetic study identified this gene as one of two planarian Zic family members (previously designated as zicA and zicB ), with representatives in all animals [45]. We renamed the zicA gene Smed-zic-1 (hereafter referred to as zic-1 ) in keeping with the Schmidtea mediterranea gene nomenclature guidelines [53].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An additional Zic-family gene in the S. mediterranea genome, formerly referred to as zicB , we renamed Smed-zic-2 (here after referred to as zic-2 ) in keeping with the S. mediterranea guidelines for gene names [53]. z ic-2 was expressed in the anterior of uninjured animals (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Libraries were prepared using a WTA2 amplification kit (Sigma), and arrays were hybridized and scanned according to the manufacturer's instructions at the Washington University Genome Technology Access Center. Custom oligonucleotide arrays from Agilent had 140,000 probes intended to represent the majority of S. mediterranea genes identified through previous EST sequencing, RNA-seq and transcriptome assembly, and gene predictions [53], [64], [66], [71], [72]. The limma Bioconductor software package (Linear Models for Microarray Data) implemented in R was used for analysis of single-channel microarray data [73].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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zic-1 Expression in Planarian Neoblasts after Injury Controls Anterior Pole Regeneration

Vásquez-Doorman

Petersen

2014

PLoS Genet

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Mechanisms that enable injury responses to prompt regenerative outgrowth are not well understood. Planarians can regenerate essentially any tissue removed by wounding, even after decapitation, due to robust regulation of adult pluripotent stem cells of the neoblast population. Formation of pole signaling centers involving Wnt inhibitors or Wnt ligands promotes head or tail regeneration, respectively, and this process requires the use of neoblasts early after injury. We used expression profiling of purified neoblasts to identify factors needed for anterior pole formation. Using this approach, we identified zic-1, a Zic-family transcription factor, as transcriptionally activated in a subpopulation of neoblasts near wound sites early in head regeneration. As head regeneration proceeds, the Wnt inhibitor notum becomes expressed in the newly forming anterior pole in zic-1-expressing cells descended from neoblasts. Inhibition of zic-1 by RNAi resulted in a failure to express notum at the anterior pole and to regenerate a head, but did not affect tail regeneration. Both injury and canonical Wnt signaling inhibition are required for zic-1 expression, and double-RNAi experiments suggest zic-1 inhibits Wnt signaling to allow head regeneration. Analysis of neoblast fate determinants revealed that zic-1 controls specification of notum-expressing cells from foxD-expressing neoblasts to form the anterior pole, which organizes subsequent outgrowth. Specialized differentiation programs may in general underlie injury-dependent formation of tissue organizing centers used for regenerative outgrowth.

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“…Planarians were starved for at least 1 week prior to experiments. Genes and RNAi experiments were named using the nomenclature proposed by Reddien et al (2008).…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

egr-4, a target of EGFR signaling, is required for the formation of the brain primordia and head regeneration in planarians

et al. 2014

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During the regeneration of freshwater planarians, polarity and patterning programs play essential roles in determining whether a head or a tail regenerates at anterior or posterior-facing wounds. This decision is made very soon after amputation. The pivotal role of the Wnt/ β-catenin and Hh signaling pathways in re-establishing anteriorposterior (AP) polarity has been well documented. However, the mechanisms that control the growth and differentiation of the blastema in accordance with its AP identity are less well understood. Previous studies have described a role of Smed-egfr-3, a planarian epidermal growth factor receptor, in blastema growth and differentiation. Here, we identify Smed-egr-4, a zinc-finger transcription factor belonging to the early growth response gene family, as a putative downstream target of Smed-egfr-3. Smed-egr-4 is mainly expressed in the central nervous system and its silencing inhibits anterior regeneration without affecting the regeneration of posterior regions. Single and combinatorial RNA interference to target different elements of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, together with expression analysis of brain-and anterior-specific markers, revealed that Smed-egr-4: (1) is expressed in two phasesan early Smed-egfr-3-independent phase and a late Smed-egfr-3-dependent phase; (2) is necessary for the differentiation of the brain primordia in the early stages of regeneration; and (3) that it appears to antagonize the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to allow head regeneration. These results suggest that a conserved EGFR/egr pathway plays an important role in cell differentiation during planarian regeneration and indicate an association between early brain differentiation and the proper progression of head regeneration.

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Gene nomenclature guidelines for the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Genome-Wide Analyses Reveal a Role for Peptide Hormones in Planarian Germline Development

Genome-Wide Analyses Reveal a Role for Peptide Hormones in Planarian Germline Development

zic-1 Expression in Planarian Neoblasts after Injury Controls Anterior Pole Regeneration

egr-4, a target of EGFR signaling, is required for the formation of the brain primordia and head regeneration in planarians

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