Gene Profiling of Plant Cell Wall Biosynthesis for Genetic Enhancing Biomass Enzymatic Saccharification in Cereal Crops

Abstract

Cereal crops, including rice, wheat, corn, and sweet sorghum, produce major food grains for humans and generate huge amount biomass for biofuels production. Due to lignocellulose recalcitrance, however, the most biomass residues of cereal crops are not well used for biofuel application, and genetic modification of plant cell walls has thus proposed as a promising solution for enhancing biomass enzymatic saccharification. In the present review, we described plant cell wall compositions and wall polymer features in four cereal crops, and presented their major wall factors that significantly affect biomass enzymatic digestibility under various pretreatments including cellulose crystallinity, arabinose substitution degree of hemicellulose and three monomers proportions of lignin. Furthermore, using globe genomic sequence database and gene expression information, we compared all candidate genes that are involved in cell wall biosynthesis in the four cereal crops, and discussed the potential cell wall modifications for increasing both biomass yields and lignocellulose enzymatic saccharification in the cereal crops by using desire genes and selecting appropriate genetic manipulation approaches.

Physiological and Proteomic Analysis of the Rice Mutant cpm2 Suggests a Negative Regulatory Role of Jasmonic Acid in Drought Tolerance

“…Of the nine identified DAPs related to cell wall biosynthesis and remodeling, six encompass lignin biosynthesis and five of these belong to the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway (Table 1 ). Such DAPs more abundant in cpm2 were OsPAL1, Os4CL3, OsCAD4, OsCOMT1, and OsCCoAOMT (Figure 8 , Figure S5 ), and these are crucial for lignin biosynthesis in rice plants (Gui et al, 2011 ; Hirano et al, 2012 ; Koshiba et al, 2013 ; Yoon et al, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2017 ). Transcript analysis of these genes revealed some interesting trends.…”