Gene silencing ofCCD7andCCD8inPhelipanche aegyptiacaby tobacco rattle virus system retarded the parasite development on the host

Aly, Radi; Dubey, Neeraj; Yahyaa, Mosaab; Abu‐Nassar, Jackline; Ibdah, Mwafaq

doi:10.4161/psb.29376

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…9 Strigolactones, the major class of germination stimulants, 14 are derived from carotenoids through two subsequent enzymatic cleavage steps performed by the carotenoid cleaving dioxygenases CCD7 and CCD8. [29][30][31][32] To date, the impact of virus-infected host plant on parasitism by Phelipanche has not been reported, therefore our study focused on carotenoid content in CMV-infected tobacco roots and its effect on the development of the parasite.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cucumber Mosaic Virusas a carotenoid inhibitor reducingPhelipanche aegyptiacainfection in tobacco plants

Ibdah

Dubey

Eizenberg

et al. 2014

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) is a highly infectious cucumovirus, which infects more than 800 plant species and causes major diseases in greenhouse and field crops worldwide. Parasitic weeds such as Phelipanche aegyptiaca are a major constraint to the production of many crops in the world and the parasite's lifestyle makes control extremely difficult. The parasite seeds can germinate after conditioning and perceiving strigolactones secreted by the host roots. Strigolactones are rhizosphere signaling molecules in plants that are biosynthesized through carotenoid cleavage. In the present study we investigated the possibility of reducing b-carotene and then strigolactone production in the host roots by blocking carotenoid biosynthesis using CMV-infected tobacco. It was found that CMV downregulated the enzyme phytoene desaturase(PDS) and reduced significantly both carotenoid production and Phelipanche infection in tobacco host roots infected with both CMV and P. aegyptiaca. Based on our results (decrease of b-carotene and repression of PDS transcripts in tobacco roots), we hypothesized that the reduction of Phelipanche tubercles and shoots occurred due to an effect of CMV on secondary metabolite stimulators such as strigolacetones. Our study indicated that mass production of the host roots was not affected by CMV; however, most inflorescences of Phelipanche grown on CMV-infected tobacco developed abnormally (deformed shoots and short nodes). Carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors such as CMV can be used to reduce the production of strigolactones, which will lead to decreased Phelipanche attachment. Interestingly, attenuated CMV strains may provide a safe means for enhancing crop resistance against parasitic weeds in a future plan.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cucumber Mosaic Virusas a carotenoid inhibitor reducingPhelipanche aegyptiacainfection in tobacco plants

Ibdah

Dubey

Eizenberg

et al. 2014

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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“…2-5). The stunted growth of crop plants that were parasitized by broomrapes was reported for different host-parasite associations and under different growth conditions 10,[35][36][37][38] . Westwood 39 discussed the alteration in the physiology/metabolism of the host, and/or the reduction in the potential of the infested host root system to take up nutrients/water from the soil leading to a reduction in assimilate production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broomrape infestation in carrot (Daucus carota): Changes in carotenoid gene expression and carotenoid accumulation in the parasitic weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca and its host

Emran

Nawade

Yahyaa

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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carotenogenesis has been intensively studied in carrot roots, and transcriptional regulation is thought to be the major factor in carotenoid accumulation in these organs. However, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of carotenoid biosynthetic genes concerning carotenoid accumulation during infestation by the obligate parasite Phelipanche aegyptiaca. HpLc analysis revealed a decrease in carotenoid levels of the different carrot cultivars when parasitized by P. aegyptiaca. Besides, we isolated and analyzed P. aegyptiaca tubercles parasitizing the various carrot root cultivars and show that they accumulate different carotenoids compared to those in non-infested carrot roots. expression analysis of PHYTOENE SYNTHASE (PSY1) and CAROTENOID ISOMERASE (CRTISO) as well as the strigolactone apocarotenoid biosynthetic genes DWARF27 (D27), CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 7 (CCD7) and CCD8 revealed that their transcript levels showed significant variation in P. aegyptiaca infested carrot roots. After parasite infestation, the expression of these genes was strongly reduced, as were the carotenoid levels and this was more pronounced in the uncommon non-orange varieties. We also analyzed the parasite genes encoding D27, CCD7 and CCD8 and show that they are expressed in tubercles. this raises important questions of whether the parasite produces its carotenoids and apocarotenoids including strigolactones and whether the latter might have a role in tubercle development. The parasitic weeds of the genera Orobanche, Phelipanche, and Striga (Orobanchaceae) are the most important agricultural weeds in many crops, particularly in carrot, tomato, sunflower, tobacco, and faba bean, causing significant crop losses in many parts of the world 1. These obligate root parasites are completely devoid of chlorophyll and consequently dependent on their host for supply of resources, including water, nutrients, proteins, and oligonucleotides 2-5. The parasite development is divided into pre-parasitic and parasitic stages. The pre-parasitic stage starts with seed pre-conditioning followed by germination. The parasite seed germination is induced by molecules secreted into the rhizosphere by the roots of host plants called germination stimulant 6. Germination stimulants for root parasitic plants have been isolated from host plant root exudates, and the majority of these natural compounds are carotenoid-derived strigolactones 7,8. The parasitic phase begins with the penetration of the parasite haustorium connecting to the host vascular tissues. The haustoria are responsible for host attachment, penetration and resource acquisition 9. The parasite first develops a tubercle, which gives rise to a flowering spike that emerges from the soil 9-12. The flower produces thousands of extremely small seeds, which can survive more than 15 years in a crop field until favorable environmental conditions for germination are obtained 4,9-12 .

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“…Powerful CRISPR-Cas9 technique was successfully used for mutagenesis of the CCD8 (Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 8) gene, strigolactone-biosynthesis gene, in order to create Phelipanche aegyptica resistant tomato lines [99]. Another gene silencing technique, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used to induce trans-silencing of PaCCD7 and PaCCD8 genes in P. aegyptica for significant reduction in the number of parasite tubercles attached to Nicotiana benthamiana roots [100]. New gene editing techniques can be difficult to apply in sunflower breeding, mainly due to the difficulties that occur during plant regeneration and low numbers of obtained transgenic regenerants per assay.…”

Section: Future Prospects and New Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Genomic Tools in Sunflower Breeding for Broomrape Resistance

Cvejić

Radanović

Dedić

et al. 2020

Genes

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Broomrape is a root parasitic plant causing yield losses in sunflower production. Since sunflower is an important oil crop, the development of broomrape-resistant hybrids is the prime breeding objective. Using conventional plant breeding methods, breeders have identified resistant genes and developed a number of hybrids resistant to broomrape, adapted to different growing regions worldwide. However, the spread of broomrape into new countries and the development of new and more virulent races have been noted intensively. Recent advances in sunflower genomics provide additional tools for plant breeders to improve resistance and find durable solutions for broomrape spread and virulence. This review describes the structure and distribution of new, virulent physiological broomrape races, sources of resistance for introduction into susceptible cultivated sunflower, qualitative and quantitative resistance genes along with gene pyramiding and marker assisted selection (MAS) strategies applied in the process of increasing sunflower resistance. In addition, it presents an overview of underutilized biotechnological tools, such as phenotyping, -omics, and genome editing techniques, which need to be introduced in the study of sunflower resistance to broomrape in order to achieve durable resistance.

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Gene silencing ofCCD7andCCD8inPhelipanche aegyptiacaby tobacco rattle virus system retarded the parasite development on the host

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Cucumber Mosaic Virusas a carotenoid inhibitor reducingPhelipanche aegyptiacainfection in tobacco plants

Cucumber Mosaic Virusas a carotenoid inhibitor reducingPhelipanche aegyptiacainfection in tobacco plants

Broomrape infestation in carrot (Daucus carota): Changes in carotenoid gene expression and carotenoid accumulation in the parasitic weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca and its host

Genetic and Genomic Tools in Sunflower Breeding for Broomrape Resistance

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