Gene-Specific Sex Effects on Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases

Lipoldová, Marie; Démant, Peter

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.712688

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(201 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is higher than the ratio of 1.28:1 found in a previous study from China, where the percentage of female patients was 43.8% 1 . Gender plays an important role in immune responses, including susceptibility to fungal infections, possibly due to sex‐specific genetic architecture, sex‐differentiated responses to disease susceptibility may be caused by direct and indirect effects of sex hormones as well as non‐hormonally biased effects of the X and Y chromosomes 23 …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…1 Gender plays an important role in immune responses, including susceptibility to fungal infections, possibly due to sex-specific genetic architecture, sex-differentiated responses to disease susceptibility may be caused by direct and indirect effects of sex hormones as well as nonhormonally biased effects of the X and Y chromosomes. 23 Kerion caused by zoophilic pathogens is reported more common in children than in adults; 24 Wang et al 24 reported that the incidence of kerion in childhood was 13.9% (10/72), which was significantly higher than that in adults (3.8%, 4/104). In our study, grey patch (59%, 75/127) was the most common, followed by kerion ( cohort, which is consistent with previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Exploring the clinical features and risk factors for children tinea capitis complicated with allergic diseases

Zhou

Sulian

et al. 2022

Mycoses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Tinea capitis, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis are the most common disorders endured by prepubescent children. Dermatophyte infections have been linked to allergic disorders, such as increased sensitivity to dermatophytes in patients with atopic dermatitis. Objectives To explore the correlation between tinea capitis and allergic diseases in children and to analyse their risk factors. Methods This study monitored epidemiological changes in childhood tinea capitis and risk factors for whom with allergic disease in a single centre in three consecutive five‐year intervals by reviewing clinical data and multivariate logistic data analysis. Results Between 2007 and 2022, there were 127 children patients with tinea capitis, the mean age was 4.83 years, and the male‐to‐female ratio was 1.76:1. Zoophilic Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes were the most prevalent pathogens, and the proportions remained relatively constant every 5 years. There were 34 (26.8%) children with tinea capitis complicated with allergic disease, among them 14 children with atopic dermatitis/eczema, 13 with allergic rhinitis, 8 urticaria, 6 food allergies and 1 allergic asthma. Male, kerion, zoophilic species infections and animal contact history were prevalent features in allergic disease combined with tinea capitis. Patients with tinea capitis plus allergic disease mostly had a family history with similar complications. Conclusion M. canis and T. mentagrophytes were the most prevalent pathogens of tinea capitis in the last 15 years; atopic dermatitis/eczema and allergic rhinitis were the most frequently associated allergic diseases. Male, kerion, zoophilic pathogen and animal contact history are risk factors.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the clinical features and risk factors for children tinea capitis complicated with allergic diseases

Zhou

Sulian

et al. 2022

Mycoses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The higher expression of IgG2b among females in mice and IgG2 in humans may help explain why females often fare better than males when vaccinated or when exposed to viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2 [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. In the context of COVID-19, IgG2 assists the reduction of antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) and the modulation of immune pathologies [ 79 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Females often mount better immune responses compared to males toward vaccines and viruses including influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Estrogen plays a key role in protection [ 20 , 24 , 32 ], as was demonstrated by an improvement in vaccine responses when supplemental estrogen was administered to ovariectomized mice [ 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Estrogen, Testosterone, and Sex Differences Influence Serum Immunoglobulin Isotype Patterns in Mice and Humans

Surman

Jones

Penkert

et al. 2023

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Females often exhibit superior immune responses compared to males toward vaccines and pathogens such as influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2. To help explain these differences, we first studied serum immunoglobulin isotype patterns in C57BL/6 male and female mice. We focused on IgG2b, an isotype that lends to virus control and that has been previously shown to be elevated in murine females compared to males. Improvements in IgG2b serum levels, and/or IgG2b ratios with other non-IgM isotypes, were observed when: (i) wildtype (WT) female mice were compared to estrogen receptor knockout mice (IgG2b, IgG2b/IgG3, IgG2b/IgG1, and IgG2b/IgA were all higher in WT mice), (ii) unmanipulated female mice were compared to ovariectomized mice (IgG2b/IgA was higher in unmanipulated animals), (iii) female mice were supplemented with estrogen in the context of an inflammatory insult (IgG2b and IgG2b/IgG3 were improved by estrogen supplementation), and (iv) male mice were supplemented with testosterone, a hormone that can convert to estrogen in vivo (IgG2b, IgG2b/IgG3, IgG2b/IgG1, and IgG2b/IgA were all improved by supplementation). We next examined data from three sets of previously described male and female human blood samples. In each case, there were higher IgG2 levels, and/or ratios of IgG2 with non-IgM isotypes, in human females compared to males. The effects of sex and sex hormones in the mouse and human studies were subtle, but frequent, suggesting that sex hormones represent only a fraction of the factors that influence isotype patterns. Examination of the gene loci suggested that upregulation of murine IgG2b or human IgG2 could be mediated by estrogen receptor binding to estrogen response elements and cytosine-adenine (CA) repeats upstream of respective Cγ genes. Given that murine IgG2b and human IgG2 lend to virus control, the isotype biases in females may be sufficient to improve outcomes following vaccination or infection. Future attention to sex hormone levels, and consequent immunoglobulin isotype patterns, in clinical trials are encouraged to support the optimization of vaccine and drug products for male and female hosts.

show abstract

“…The present study shows that the risk of boys suffering from childhood stunting is 1.07 times that of girls, the same as many results from China ( 20 , 21 , 39 , 40 ) and other regions ( 41 , 42 ), probably due to the interaction of biological and socio-cultural factors. We also found differences between boys and girls in growth trajectories and immune function beginning prenatally ( 43 , 44 ). Caregivers treat children of different genders differently ( 45 – 47 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Stunting among kindergarten children in China in the context of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study

Yang

Yin

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe impact of COVID-19 has most likely increased the prevalence of stunting. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of stunting among kindergarten children in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Longgang District, Shenzhen, China, and its risk factors.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to identify children from 11 sub districts of 481 kindergartens in the Longgang District of Shenzhen City from May to July 2021. In the context of COVID-19, an online survey was conducted to gather demographic information, height, birth information, and lifestyle. The prevalence of stunting was calculated, and the risk factors were analyzed using binary logistic regression with three stepwise models.ResultsA total of 118,404 subjects were included from May to July 2021, with a response and questionnaire effective rates of 85.75% and 95.03%, respectively. The prevalence of stunting and severe stunting were 3.3% and 0.8%, respectively. Model 3 showed that risk factors for stunting were male sex [odds ratio (OR) = 1.07], low birth weight (OR = 2.02), insufficient sleep time (OR = 1.08), less food intake than their peers (OR = 1.66), slower eating than their peers (OR = 1.16), accompanied by grandparents alone or non-lineal relatives (reference: parents accompanying) (OR = 1.23, 1.51), and children induced to eat (OR = 1.17). Protective factors included only-child status (OR = 0.66), reported high activity (OR = 0.37, 0.26, 0.23), parents with high education levels (father: OR = 0.87, 0.69; mother: OR = 0.69, 0.58), high monthly income per capita of the family (OR = 0.88, 0.74, 0.68), and allowing children to make food choices (OR = 0.82).ConclusionThe stunting rate of children in kindergartens in Longgang District is 3.3%, close to the level of developed countries but higher than the average level of developed cities in China. The relatively high stunting rate in children under 3 years old in 2021 may be associated with the influence of COVID-19. Appropriate policies should be formulated for individuals and families with children to help children establish good living habits and reduce stunting.

show abstract

Gene-Specific Sex Effects on Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases

Cited by 14 publications

References 117 publications

Exploring the clinical features and risk factors for children tinea capitis complicated with allergic diseases

Exploring the clinical features and risk factors for children tinea capitis complicated with allergic diseases

How Estrogen, Testosterone, and Sex Differences Influence Serum Immunoglobulin Isotype Patterns in Mice and Humans

Stunting among kindergarten children in China in the context of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About