Gene therapy with growth factors for periodontal tissue engineering-A review

Abstract

The treatment of oral and periodontal diseases and associated anomalies accounts for a significant proportion of the healthcare burden, with the manifestations of these conditions being functionally and psychologically debilitating. A challenge faced by periodontal therapy is the predictable regeneration of periodontal tissues lost as a consequence of disease. Growth factors are critical to the development, maturation, maintenance and repair of oral tissues as they establish an extra-cellular environment that is conducive to cell and tissue growth. Tissue engineering principles aim to exploit these properties in the development of biomimetic materials that can provide an appropriate microenvironment for tissue development. The aim of this paper is to review emerging periodontal therapies in the areas of materials science, growth factor biology and cell/gene therapy. Various such materials have been formulated into devices that can be used as vehicles for delivery of cells, growth factors and DNA. Different mechanisms of drug delivery are addressed in the context of novel approaches to reconstruct and engineer oral and tooth supporting structure. Key words: Periodontal disease, gene therapy, regeneration, tissue repair, growth factors, tissue engineering.

hMSC-Derived VEGF Release Triggers the Chemoattraction of Alveolar Osteoblasts

“…To identify the biomolecules which may contribute to the hMSC action as trophic mediators in the osteoblast context, the cells were screened for mRNA transcription of a panel of multitasking biomolecules which had previously been reported to putatively stimulate alveolar bone regeneration [23,32,33], and support osteoblast migration [24,25,27,34]. In detail, the mRNA expression of the following cytokines and growth factors was screened twice in hMSCs from all donors: VEGF, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), Wnt10B, growth/differentiation factor 5 and 10 (GDF5 and GDF10), BMPs 2, 4, and 6 (BMP2, BMP4, and BMP6), prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES), TGF b1 and 3 (TGFb1 and TGFb3), monocyte colony-stimulating factor (MCSF), OPG, RANKL, and interleukin 6 (IL6).…”

Title: Dental Pulp Stem Cells Scope in Dentistry; A Review

“…The cells provide the machinery for new tissue growth and differentiation, whereas the growth factors modulate the cellular activity and stimulate the cells to differentiate as well as produce tissue matrix. The new vascular tissues provide the nutritional base for tissue growth and the scaffolds guide and create a template structure in three-dimensions to facilitate the tissue regeneration process 25 .…”

Tissue engineering applications in periodontics: Alternate god

“…The targeting of signaling molecules or growth factors (via proteins or genes) to the periodontium has led to significant new knowledge generation using bioactive molecules that promote cell proliferation, differentiation, matrix biosynthesis, and angiogenesis. [6] A factor often overlooked is has been the modulation of the exuberant host response to microbial contamination that plagues the periodontal wound environment. [7] Tissue engineering elsewhere in the human or animal body is more predictive and measurable as the exercise is carried out in a near perfect sterile milieu.…”