Gene trap lines identify Arabidopsis genes expressed in stomatal guard cells

Galbiati, Massimo; Simoni, Laura; Pavesi, Giulio; Cominelli, Eleonora; Francia, Priscilla; Vavasseur, Alain; Nelson, Timothy; Bevan, Michael W.; Tonelli, Chiara

doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03371.x

Cited by 64 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The identification of highly specific guard cell promoters (Müller-Röber et al, 1994;Cominelli et al, 2005) and transcription factors (Cominelli et al, 2010;Yoo et al, 2010), the production of guard cell enhancer trap lines (Gardner et al, 2009), and the ability to induce transient expression in guard cells (Rusconi et al, 2013) open up new exciting potential approaches to not only fully understand signaling and transduction pathways in guard cells but also to provide us with the tools to manipulate guard cell metabolism in order to improve plant WUE. Such tools have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular networks that control guard cell perception of and response to internal and external environmental cues and have provided possible candidates for manipulation (Galbiati et al, 2008;Rusconi et al, 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stomatal Size, Speed, and Responsiveness Impact on Photosynthesis and Water Use Efficiency

2014

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The control of gaseous exchange between the leaf and bulk atmosphere by stomata governs CO 2 uptake for photosynthesis and transpiration, determining plant productivity and water use efficiency. The balance between these two processes depends on stomatal responses to environmental and internal cues and the synchrony of stomatal behavior relative to mesophyll demands for CO 2 . Here we examine the rapidity of stomatal responses with attention to their relationship to photosynthetic CO 2 uptake and the consequences for water use. We discuss the influence of anatomical characteristics on the velocity of changes in stomatal conductance and explore the potential for manipulating the physical as well as physiological characteristics of stomatal guard cells in order to accelerate stomatal movements in synchrony with mesophyll CO 2 demand and to improve water use efficiency without substantial cost to photosynthetic carbon fixation. We conclude that manipulating guard cell transport and metabolism is just as, if not more likely to yield useful benefits as manipulations of their physical and anatomical characteristics. Achieving these benefits should be greatly facilitated by quantitative systems analysis that connects directly the molecular properties of the guard cells to their function in the field.In order for plants to function efficiently, they must balance gaseous exchange between inside and outside the leaf to maximize CO 2 uptake for photosynthetic carbon assimilation (A) and to minimize water loss through transpiration. Stomata are the "gatekeepers" responsible for all gaseous diffusion, and they adjust to both internal and external environmental stimuli governing CO 2 uptake and water loss. The pathway for CO 2 uptake from the bulk atmosphere to the site of fixation is determined by a series of diffusional resistances, which start with the layer of air immediately surrounding the leaf (the boundary layer). Stomatal pores provide a major resistance to flux from the atmosphere to the substomatal cavity within the leaf. Further resistance is encountered by CO 2 across the aqueous and lipid boundaries into the mesophyll cell and chloroplasts (mesophyll resistance). Water leaving the leaf largely follows the same pathway in reverse, but without the mesophyll resistance component. Guard cells surround the stomatal pore. They increase or decrease in volume in response to external and internal stimuli, and the resulting changes in guard cell shape adjust stomatal aperture and thereby affect the flux of gases between the leaf internal environment and the bulk atmosphere. Stomatal behavior, therefore, controls the volume of CO 2 entering the intercellular air spaces of the leaf for photosynthesis. It also plays a key role in minimizing the amount of water lost. Transpiration, by virtue of the concentration differences, is an order of magnitude greater than CO 2 uptake, which is an inevitable consequence of free diffusion across this pathway. Although the cumulative area of stomatal pores only represents a small fraction...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stomatal Size, Speed, and Responsiveness Impact on Photosynthesis and Water Use Efficiency

2014

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“…This collection was generated by a gene trapping approach based on the Ac/Ds transposon system of maize (Sundaresan et al 1995): the different lines are characterized by the insertion of a modified Ds element (DsG) containing the nptII gene, conferring kanamycin resistance and the GUS reporter gene. In this way a line in which the DsG element is inserted in the correct orientation in the gene of interest, can be informative regarding both the function and the expression pattern of the disrupted gene (Galbiati et al 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As previously reported, gene trap lines are useful tools for the identification of organ-, tissue-and cell-specific expression patterns (Galbiati et al 2008), thus to try to obtain a more detailed picture of the CAM2 expression profile we analysed the localization of GUS activity in the cam2-2 line.…”

Section: Expression Analysis Of Cam2 Genementioning

confidence: 99%

A loss-of-function mutation in Calmodulin2 gene affects pollen germination in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2010

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Calmodulin (CAM) is an ubiquitous calcium binding protein whose function is to translate the signals, perceived as calcium concentration variations, into the appropriate cellular responses. In Arabidopsis thaliana there are 4 CAM isoforms which are highly similar, encoded by 7 genes, and one possible explanation proposed for the evolutionary conservation of the CAM gene family is that the different genes have acquired different functions so that they play possibly overlapping but non-identical roles. Here we report the characterization of the Arabidopsis mutant cam2-2, identified among the lines of the gene-trapping collection EXOTIC because of a distorted segregation of kanamycin resistance. Phenotypic analysis showed that in normal growth conditions cam2-2 plants were indistinguishable from the wild type while genetic analysis showed a reduced transmission of the cam2-2 allele through the male gametophyte and in vitro pollen germination revealed a reduced level of germination in comparison with the wild type. These results provide genetic evidence of the involvement of a CAM gene in pollen germination and support the theory of functional diversification of the CAM gene family.

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“…S4). Galbiati et al 36 suggested that a cluster of at least 3 (T/A)AAAG elements located on the same strand within a 100-bp region is important for guard cell-specific gene expression. Both Col-0 and Ws-2 have several such clusters (Supplemental Fig.…”

Section: The Slac1 Transcript Level In Guard Cells Is Low In Ws-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration ofArabidopsis SLAC1promoter and its association with natural variation in drought tolerance

Imai

Noda

Tamaoki

2015

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Natural variation for drought tolerance is a major issue in adaptation and geographic distribution of terrestrial plants. Despite the importance, little is known about the genes and molecular mechanisms that determine its naturally occurring diversity. We analyzed the intraspecific drought tolerance variation between 2 accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana, Columbia (Col)-0 and Wassilewskija (Ws)-2. Measurement of weight loss in detached seedlings demonstrated a clear difference between drought-tolerant Col-0 and drought-sensitive Ws-2. They also differed in their stomatal response under drought condition. Using a quantitative genetic approach, we found a significant quantitative locus on chromosome 1. Surveying in the locus, we extrapolated that the SLAC1 gene, which is associated with stomatal closure, was likely responsible for the difference of drought tolerance. Comparison of their nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed that there were few differences in regions encoding SLAC1 protein but was a large deletion in SLAC1 promoter of Ws-2. Histochemical GUS staining showed that the SLAC1 expressed dominantly in guard cells of Col-0, but did less in guard cells of Ws-2. Quantitative PCR analysis also showed that transcript level of SLAC1 in guard cells was higher in Col-0 than in Ws-2. The SLAC1 transcription analyses indicate low accumulation of SLAC1 in guard cells of Ws-2. When taken together, our results suggest that the low drought tolerance of Ws-2 was associated with the deletion of the promoter region of Ws-2 SLAC1.

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Gene trap lines identify Arabidopsis genes expressed in stomatal guard cells

Cited by 64 publications

References 45 publications

Stomatal Size, Speed, and Responsiveness Impact on Photosynthesis and Water Use Efficiency

Stomatal Size, Speed, and Responsiveness Impact on Photosynthesis and Water Use Efficiency

A loss-of-function mutation in Calmodulin2 gene affects pollen germination in Arabidopsis thaliana

Alteration ofArabidopsis SLAC1promoter and its association with natural variation in drought tolerance

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