General and Local Morphological Anomalies in Amblyomma lepidum (Acari: Ixodidae) and Rhipicephalus decoloratus Infesting Cattle in Uganda

Balinandi, Stephen; Mugisha, Lawrence; Bbira, Johnson; Kabasa, William; Nakayiki, Teddy; Bakkes, Deon K.; Lutwama, Julius J.; Chiţimia-Dobler, Lidia; Malmberg, Maja

doi:10.1093/jme/tjy221

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, we did not detect morphological anomalies associated with exposure to acaricides as it was reported for Amblyomma lepidum infesting cattle in Uganda [16]. Morphological abnormalities have been reported in several Amblyomma species [5].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…Morphological abnormalities have been reported in several Amblyomma species [ 5 ]. Their detection in field-collected A. mixtum likely requires a larger samples collection because morphological anomalies apparently rarely occur [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morphological anomalies associated with exposure to acaricides was reported for Amblyomma lepidum infesting cattle in Uganda [ 16 ]. This prompted morphological analysis of our tick collection to determine if a similar situation occurred in A. mixtum .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphometrics of Amblyomma mixtum in the State of Veracruz, Mexico

et al. 2021

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The tick Amblyomma mixtum is an ectoparasite of veterinary and public health importance because of its role as a vector of zoonotic pathogens. However, little is known about A. mixtum intraspecific variability and if morphological differentiation exists between populations across its geographic range. This study aimed to determine by electron microscopy the morphological variability of A. mixtum populations in the state of Veracruz, which has a large livestock population among states in Mexico. Forty male and 40 female A. mixtum collected from the 10 natural regions of Veracruz state were analyzed microscopically to accomplish main component analysis for each sex. Clusters were calculated with the out-tree method and a dendrogram produced to group the specimens according to their morphometric characteristics. Using 10 main components, 77% of the morphological variation of the ticks was explained. This is a reflection of scarce intraspecific variation between females. The dendogram for females grouped six clusters of specimens with similar characteristics. Morphometric variability in males was described using eight main components. Limited intraspecific variation was also observed between males. In males, the dendogram yielded six groups with similar morphometric characteristics. Morphometric analyses confirmed that the only species from the Amblyomma cajennense complex that are parasites to livestock in Veracruz state is A. mixtum. The eryxenous nature of A. mixtum combined with the frequent movement of livestock hosts may contribute to the apparent homogeneous phenotype of this tick species in Mexico.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphometrics of Amblyomma mixtum in the State of Veracruz, Mexico

et al. 2021

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“…However, the Ugandan tick population structure varies greatly between the different regions of the country, due to variation in microclimatic conditions [25][26][27]. For example, Amblyomma lepidum, Hyalomma truncatum, Amblyomma gemma and Rhipicephalus pulchellus thrive under the arid conditions of north-eastern Uganda [27,30], and were therefore not found in this less arid study area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive cattle ticks in East Africa: morphological and molecular confirmation of the presence of Rhipicephalus microplus in south-eastern Uganda

et al. 2020

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Background: Rhipicephalus microplus, an invasive tick species of Asian origin and the main vector of Babesia species, is considered one of the most widespread ectoparasites of livestock. The tick has spread from its native habitats on translocated livestock to large parts of the tropical world, where it has replaced some of the local populations of Rhipicephalus decoloratus ticks. Although the tick was reported in Uganda 70 years ago, it has not been found in any subsequent surveys. This study was carried out to update the national tick species distribution on livestock in Uganda as a basis for tick and tick-borne disease control, with particular reference to R. microplus. Methods: The study was carried out in Kadungulu, Serere district, southeastern Uganda, which is dominated by small scale livestock producers. All the ticks collected from 240 cattle from six villages were identified microscopically. Five R. microplus specimens were further processed for phylogenetic analysis and species confirmation. Results: The predominant tick species found on cattle was Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (86.9 %; n = 16,509). Other species found were Amblyomma variegatum (7.2 %; n = 1377), Rhipicephalus evertsi (2.3 %; n = 434) and R. microplus (3.6 %; n = 687). Phylogenetic analysis of the 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and ITS2 gene sequences of R. microplus confirmed the morphological identification. Conclusions: It is concluded that R. microplus has replaced R. decoloratus in the sampled villages in Kadungulu subcounty, since the latter was not any longer found in this area. There is currently no livestock movement policy in force in Uganda, which could possibly limit the further spread of R. microplus ticks. Future surveys, but also retrospective surveys of museum specimens, will reveal the extent of distribution of R. microplus in Uganda and also for how long this tick has been present on livestock without being noticed.

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“…However, the Ugandan tick population structure varies greatly between the different regions of the country, due to variation in microclimatic conditions [24,25,29]. For example, Amblyomma lepidum, Hyalomma truncatum, Amblyomma gemma and Rhipicephalus pulchellus thrive under the arid conditions of north-eastern Uganda [29,30], and were therefore not found in this less arid study area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive cattle ticks in East Africa: morphological and molecular confirmation of the presence of Rhipicephalus microplus in south-eastern Uganda

Muhanguzi

Byaruhanga

Amanyire

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Rhipicephalus microplus, an invasive tick species of Asian origin and the main vector of Babesia species, is considered one of the most widespread ectoparasites of livestock. The tick has spread from its native habitats on translocated livestock to large parts of the tropical world, where it has replaced some of the local populations of Rhipicephalus decoloratus ticks. Although the tick was reported in Uganda 70 years ago, it has not been found in any subsequent surveys. This study was carried out to update the national tick species distribution on livestock in Uganda as a basis for tick and tick-borne disease control, with particular reference to R.microplus.Methods: The study was carried out in Kadungulu, Serere district, south-eastern Uganda, which is dominated by small scale livestock producers. All the ticks collected from 240 cattle from six villages were identified microscopically. Five R. microplus specimens were further processed for phylogenetic analysis and species confirmation.Results: The predominant tick species found on cattle was Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (86.9 %; n=16,509). Other species found were Amblyomma variegatum (7.2 %; n=1,377), Rhipicephalus evertsi (2.3 %; n=434) and R. microplus (3.6 %; n= 687). Phylogenetic analysis of the 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and ITS2 gene sequences of R. microplus confirmed the morphological identification.Conclusions: It is concluded that R. microplus has replaced Rhipicephalus decoloratus in the sampled villages in Kadungulu sub county, since the latter was not any longer found in this area. There is currently no livestock movement policy in force in Uganda, which could possibly limit the further spread of R. microplus ticks. Future surveys, but also retrospective surveys of museum specimens, will reveal the extent of distribution of R. microplus in Uganda and also for how long this tick has been present on livestock without being noticed.

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General and Local Morphological Anomalies in Amblyomma lepidum (Acari: Ixodidae) and Rhipicephalus decoloratus Infesting Cattle in Uganda

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Morphometrics of Amblyomma mixtum in the State of Veracruz, Mexico

Morphometrics of Amblyomma mixtum in the State of Veracruz, Mexico

Invasive cattle ticks in East Africa: morphological and molecular confirmation of the presence of Rhipicephalus microplus in south-eastern Uganda

Invasive cattle ticks in East Africa: morphological and molecular confirmation of the presence of Rhipicephalus microplus in south-eastern Uganda

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