General and specific cognitive deficits in schizophrenia

Dickinson, Dwight; Iannone, Virginia N.; Wilk, Christopher M.; Gold, James M.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.12.010

Cited by 201 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, these findings suggest that the CNTRACS and MATRICSsub batteries measure both unique and common cognitive deficits, with the percentage of shared variance (47%) similar to that seen in previous studies of cognition in schizophrenia (Dickinson et al, 2004; Keefe et al, 2006b). Although the generalized or common deficit is sometimes discussed as it if it were a “nuisance” variable, in the present study it is picking up on important variance related to function in schizophrenia, since the common variance was strongly correlated with multiple measures of function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…An ongoing debate in the literature is whether patients suffer only from a single broad impairment that affects cognition in schizophrenia (Dickinson, Iannone, Wilk, & Gold, 2004; Dickinson, Ragland, Gold, & Gur, 2008) or whether there are additional deficits in specific domains that provide insight into the illness (Chapman & Chapman, 1978; Fornito, Yoon, Zalesky, Bullmore, & Carter, 2011; Lesh, Niendam, Minzenberg, & Carter, 2011; Repovs, Csernansky, & Barch, 2011). Prior work has shown strong intercorrelations among all the MATRICS tasks (August et al, 2012), while only the goal maintenance and episodic memory tasks from the CNTRACS were moderately intercorrelated (Gold et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Common and specific cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: relationships to function

Sheffield

Gold²,

Strauss

et al. 2013

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The goals of the present study were to assess the interrelationships among tasks from the MATRICS and CNTRACS batteries, to determine the degree to which tasks from each battery capture unique variance in cognitive dys-function in schizophrenia, and to determine the ability of tasks from each battery to predict functional outcome. Subjects were 104 schizophrenia patients and 132 healthy control subjects recruited as part of the CNTRACS initiative. All subjects completed four CNTRACS tasks and two tasks from the MATRICS battery: Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia Symbol Coding and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test. Functional outcome was also assessed in the schizophrenia subjects. In both the patient and control groups, we found significant intercorrelations between all higher order cognitive tasks (episodic memory, goal maintenance, processing speed, verbal learning) but minimal relationships with the visual task. For almost all tasks, scores were significantly related to measures of functional outcome, with higher associations between CNTRACS tasks and performance-based measures of function and between one of the MATRICS tasks and self-reported functioning, relative to the other functioning measures. After regressing out variance shared by other tasks, we continued to observe group differences in performance among task residuals, particularly for measures of episodic memory from both batteries, although these residuals did not correlate as robustly with functional outcome as raw test scores. These findings suggest that there exists both shared and specific variance across cognitive tasks related to cognitive and functional impairments in schizophrenia and that measures derived from cognitive neuroscience can predict functional capacity and status in schizophrenia.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common and specific cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: relationships to function

Sheffield

Gold²,

Strauss

et al. 2013

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the field has searched for focal deficits in specific cognitive domains for over 40 years now, it is clear that there is no distinctive pattern of differential deficits in SZ (Reichenberg & Harvey, 2007). Rather, SZ patients display impairments across a range of cognitive domains and there are generally moderate interrelationships among individual tests (Dickinson, 2008; Dickinson, Iannone, Wilk, & Gold, 2004; Dickinson, Ragland, Gold, & Gur, 2008). Such findings are consistent with a generalized neurocognitive deficit in SZ (Dickinson & Harvey, 2009; Dickinson, et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The role of low cognitive effort and negative symptoms in neuropsychological impairment in schizophrenia.

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective Two experiments were conducted to examine whether insufficient effort, negative symptoms (e.g., avolition, anhedonia), and psychological variables (e.g., anhedonia and perception of low cognitive resources) predict generalized neurocognitive impairment in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ). Method In Experiment 1, participants included 97 individuals with SZ and 63 healthy controls (CN) who completed the Victoria Symptom Validity Test (VSVT), the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), and self-report anhedonia questionnaires. In Experiment 2, participants included 46 individuals with SZ and 33 CN who completed Green’s Word Memory Test (WMT), the MCCB, and self-reports of anhedonia, defeatist performance beliefs, and negative expectancy appraisals. Results Results indicated that a low proportion of individuals with SZ failed effort testing (1.0% Experiment 1; 15.2% Experiment 2); however, global neurocognitive impairment was significantly predicted by low effort and negative symptoms. Conclusions Findings indicate that low effort does not threaten the validity of neuropsychological test results in the majority of individuals with schizophrenia; however, effort testing may be useful in SZ patients with severe negative symptoms who may be more likely to put forth insufficient effort due to motivational problems. Although the base rate of failure is relatively low, it may be beneficial to screen for insufficient effort in SZ and exclude individuals who fail effort testing from pharmacological or cognitive remediation trials.

show abstract

“…Despite such pervasive cognitive impairments, there is no distinct pattern of differential deficits that characterizes most individuals with schizophrenia (Reichenberg and Harvey, 2007). Rather, schizophrenia patients display neurocognitive impairments of similar magnitude across most cognitive domains, suggesting a generalized neurocognitive deficit (Dickinson, 2008; Dickinson et al, 2004; Dickinson et al, 2008). …”

Section: 0 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Predictors of neuropsychological effort test performance in schizophrenia

Morra

Gold

Sullivan

et al. 2015

Schizophrenia Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is some evidence that insufficient effort may be common in schizophrenia, posing significant threats to the validity of neuropsychological test results. Low effort may account for a significant proportion of variance in neuropsychological test scores and the generalized cognitive deficit that characterizes the disorder. The current study evaluated clinical predictors of insufficient effort in schizophrenia using an embedded effort measure, the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Effort Index (EI). Participants were 330 patients meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or another psychotic disorder who received a battery of neuropsychological tests, including: Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR), Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI), and RBANS. Clinical assessments designed to measure functional outcome, symptoms, and premorbid adjustment were also obtained. Results indicated that 9.4% of patients failed the EI. Patients who failed had lower full-scale, verbal, and performance IQ, as well as poorer performance on RBANS domains not included in the EI (immediate memory, language, and visuospatial/construction). Patients who failed the EI also displayed poorer community-based vocational outcome, greater likelihood of having “deficit schizophrenia” (i.e., primary and enduring negative symptoms), and increased severity of positive symptoms. Regression analyses revealed that insufficient effort was most significantly predicted by a combination of low IQ, negative symptoms, and positive symptoms. Findings suggest that although insufficient effort may be relatively uncommon in schizophrenia, it is associated with important clinical outcomes. The RBANS EI may be a useful tool in evaluating insufficient effort in schizophrenia.

show abstract

General and specific cognitive deficits in schizophrenia

Cited by 201 publications

References 46 publications

Common and specific cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: relationships to function

Common and specific cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: relationships to function

The role of low cognitive effort and negative symptoms in neuropsychological impairment in schizophrenia.

Predictors of neuropsychological effort test performance in schizophrenia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About