General and specific measures of public attitudes toward sentencing.

Zamble, Edward; Kalm, Kerry L.

doi:10.1037/h0078918

Cited by 55 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Naopak ohodnocení konkrétního trestného činu přináší o něco pozitivnější výsledky [Tomášek 2012;Verfaillie 2012;Zamble, Kalm 1990]. Tyto rozporuplné výsledky dokládají, jak velkou roli hraje v měření punitivity veřejnosti způsob metodologického ukotvení zkoumaného fenoménu.…”

Section: úVodunclassified

“…Je známo, že naprostá většina výzkumů dospívá k závěru, že občané považují existující systém trestů za příliš "změkčilý" a uvítali by celkové zpřísnění sankcí [Roberts, Hough 2005;Roberts, Stalans 1998;Stalans, Diamond 1990;Zamble, Kalm 1990]. Jedním z důvodů může být převažující a mnoha šetřeními zmapovaný názor veřejnosti (zřejmě i z důvo-du zájmu médií o tuto oblast), že kriminalita neustále a nekotrolovatelně roste.…”

Section: Teorie Punitivních Postojůunclassified

“…Méně punitivní obrázek veřejného mínění bychom měli získat tehdy, bude-li zjišťování postojů založeno na posouzení konkrétní kriminální kauzy a rozhodnutí respondenta o trestu pro jejího pachatele [Roberts, Hough 2005]. Výsledky takových studií ukazují, že lidé se výběrem vhodné sankce velmi blíží reálné praxi justice [Zamble, Kalm 1990]. Proč tomu tak je?…”

Section: Jak Lze Punitivitu Měřit?unclassified

“…Podobně také Jackson a jeho kolegové [European Social Survey 2011] varují, že obecné indikátory punitivity selhávají při rozlišování mezi individuální touhou potrestat a postoji veřejnosti týkajícími se trestní politiky a soudnictví. Skuteč-nost, že se v těchto postojích odrážejí kognitivní i emocionální reakce na podněty nejrůznějšího druhu, pak také znemožňuje jakékoli závěry ve smyslu předvídání jedincova chování v jiných situacích [Zamble, Kalm 1990]. …”

Section: Jak Lze Punitivitu Měřit?unclassified

“…Respondent se na základě poskytnutých informací zamýšlí nad různými aspekty případu a charakteristikami pachatele, což jej přibližuje práci skutečných soudců (také proto se tento postup někdy nazývá "technikou fi ktivní-ho soudce" [viz Kury, Zapletal 2002]). Autoři se více méně shodují, že míru punitivity lze za těchto okolností lépe odhadnout [Stalans, Diamond 1990;Zamble, Kalm 1990]. Bylo však zjištěno, že volba přísnějšího potrestání pro pachatele je závislá na druhu posuzovaného trestného činu.…”

Section: Jak Lze Punitivitu Měřit?unclassified

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Methodological Aspects of Measuring the Czech Public's Attitudes to the Punishment of Offenders

Moravcová

Tomášek

2014

Czech Sociological Review

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Abstract:The trend towards harsher punishment of offenders, usually termed the 'new punitiveness', is often explained as a response to deepening social and economic uncertainty. One important area that criminal policy research has long dealt with is public attitudes to punishment. Statements that the public want more severe punishments for those who break the law are often used to justify introducing measures to make the criminal justice system harsher. There are, however, different ways to measure public opinion on criminal sentencing. While general attitudinal questions indicate the public to be very punitive in outlook, when they have to evaluate specifi c cases the results are slightly more positive. Drawing on data from the European Social Survey, the article aims to describe the current level of punitiveness in the Czech Republic, as measured by both above-mentioned indicators, and to assess whether the respondents' answers to such indicators are infl uenced by the same factors. Data show that Czechs tend to have relatively strong punitive attitudes. However, past studies have shown that people are less punitively inclined when they are judging a specifi c case. Moreover, regression analysis suggests that, rather than individual punitive sentiments, the general measure of punitiveness refl ects cognitive and emotional reactions of a different nature (e.g. the quality of work of the court system), which means that the information on public attitudes it produces could be misleading.

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Section: úVodunclassified

Section: Teorie Punitivních Postojůunclassified

Section: Jak Lze Punitivitu Měřit?unclassified

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Methodological Aspects of Measuring the Czech Public's Attitudes to the Punishment of Offenders

Moravcová

Tomášek

2014

Czech Sociological Review

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Psychological mechanisms underlying support for juvenile sex offender registry laws: prototypes, moral outrage, and perceived threat

Salerno

Najdowski

Stevenson

et al. 2010

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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In three studies, we investigated support for applying sex offender registry laws to juveniles. Family law attorneys supported registry laws less for juveniles than for adults. Laypeople and prosecutors supported juvenile and adult sex offender registration equally--even though they perceived juveniles as generally less threatening than adults (Study 1)--because most people spontaneously envision a severe sex offender prototype regardless of offender age (Study 2). People are less supportive of registry laws, however, when they envision less severe prototypes spontaneously (Study 2) or when induced to do so (Study 3). Effects of offender age, offender prototypes, and offense severity were mediated by perceptions of threat posed by the juvenile sex offender (i.e., utilitarian concerns). The effect of offense severity was also mediated by moral outrage (i.e., retributive concerns).

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Public attitudes toward sex offenders and their relationship to personality traits and demographic characteristics

Olver

Barlow

2010

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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The present study examined public attitudes toward the sentencing, treatment, management, and perceived dangerousness of sex offenders. Seventy-eight university undergraduates completed a 25-item attitude toward sex offenders survey developed for the present study, along with a five-factor measure of personality (NEO Personality Inventory - Revised), a demographic questionnaire, and the Paulhus Deception Scale, to control for social desirability. While participants most frequently endorsed the belief that sentences were not sufficiently severe, they tended to espouse treatment and risk management alternatives to longer sentences and eschewed exceptionally severe punishments (e.g., surgical castration). Participants estimated high rates of sexual recidivism (59%), although they also estimated significantly lower recidivism rates for treated offenders. Results of a principle components analysis suggested that participant attitudes comprised two broad domains: systems attitudes (e.g., law enforcement, corrections, justice) and rehabilitative attitudes. Although few demographic differences emerged in participant attitudes, 'openness to experience' and 'agreeableness' each significantly predicted more rehabilitative attitudes, while contrary to expectations, 'extraversion' was significantly associated with more negative systems-related attitudes. The results provide support that personality traits may be linked to important social attitudes, including those toward sex offenders.

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General and specific measures of public attitudes toward sentencing.

Cited by 55 publications

References 6 publications

Methodological Aspects of Measuring the Czech Public's Attitudes to the Punishment of Offenders

Methodological Aspects of Measuring the Czech Public's Attitudes to the Punishment of Offenders

Psychological mechanisms underlying support for juvenile sex offender registry laws: prototypes, moral outrage, and perceived threat

Public attitudes toward sex offenders and their relationship to personality traits and demographic characteristics

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