General Anxiety, Academic Distress, and Family Distress Among Doctor of Pharmacy Students

Zakeri, Marjan; Cruz, Austin De La; Wallace, David; Sansgiry, Sujit S.

doi:10.5688/ajpe8522

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In a relatively smaller U.S. study that looked at the mental health among PharmD students, more than 25% of the participants were at high risk of mental health issues such as depression and general anxiety provoked mainly by academic-related stress ( 25 ). Another study in the U.S. also reported that 50% of PharmD students had general anxiety triggered by academic and family distress ( 26 ). In a study conducted in Egypt among 164 students, the prevalence of anxiety and depression were 29 and 51%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This might explain the lower mental wellbeing levels among public university students compared to their private university counterparts identified in our study. This could be seen in the context of the challenges of maintaining the appropriate intensity and quality of the students' support services at public pharmacy schools ( 26 ). Recognizing that most academic institutions have returned to their norm before the pandemic, it might be the right time to restructure and customize strategic plans that consider aspects of the framework to improve students' mental health and wellbeing ( 30 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of mental wellbeing of undergraduate pharmacy students from 14 countries: The role of gender, lifestyle, health-related, and academic-related factors

Elnaem

Mubarak

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundPharmacy students will assume future roles as frontline healthcare providers. Therefore, evaluating their current state of mental wellbeing and its associated factors is essential for better planning students' support initiatives. This study aimed to assess mental wellbeing and its associated factors among undergraduate pharmacy students from 14 countries during the pandemic.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate pharmacy students in 14 countries in Asia and the Middle East. The validated Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (the 14-item WEMWBS) was adopted to assess mental wellbeing. Data collection was performed online between February and April 2022. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used as appropriate.ResultsA total of 2,665 responses were received, mainly from females (68.7%) with a higher presence of private universities (59.1%). About 34.9% had low mental wellbeing levels, while 57 and 8.1% had medium, and high levels, respectively. Binary logistic regression showed that males (AOR: 1.34; CI 95%: 1.11–1.61; p < 0.01) and students with no chronic illnesses (AOR: 2.01; CI 95%: 1.45–2.80; p < 0.001) were more likely to have higher mental wellbeing. Also, participants who did not engage in any exercise (AOR: 0.71; CI 95%: 0.52–0.98; p = 0.04) and those in public universities (AOR: 0.82; CI 95%: 0.69–0.97; p = 0.02) were less likely to have higher mental wellbeing. Additionally, students who had interest/passion for pharmacy (AOR: 1.69; CI 95%: 1.07–2.68; p = 0.02), and those who known pharmacists inspired (AOR: 1.81; CI 95%: 1.06–3.12; p = 0.03), were more likely to have higher mental wellbeing compared with those who had no specific reason for their choice to study pharmacy. The participants with excellent (AOR: 1.87; CI 95%: 1.29–2.70; p = 0.001) or very good self-reported academic performance (AOR: 1.57; CI 95%: 1.12–2.22; p = 0.01) were more likely to have higher mental wellbeing compared to those with fair academic performance.ConclusionMore than a third of the participants had low mental wellbeing. Various demographic, lifestyle, medical and academic factors appeared to affect students' mental wellbeing. Careful consideration of these factors and their integration into the pharmacy schools' plans for student support services and academic advising would be essential to improve students' mental wellbeing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of mental wellbeing of undergraduate pharmacy students from 14 countries: The role of gender, lifestyle, health-related, and academic-related factors

Elnaem

Mubarak

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There were no existing studies on pharmacy students that directly investigated parental marriage status, academic performance status, family history of mental illnesses and comorbidities as factors contributing to depression. However, other proxies such as family distress [ 13 ] and academic stress [ 14 ] were found to be significantly associated with depression. Studies on other higher degree programs showed similar findings where parental divorce [ 15 ], family history of mental illnesses [ 28 ] and poor health [ 16 ] significantly affect students’ mental health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The investigated variables for sociodemographic, psychosocial and academic matters and their measures are summarized in Supplementary Table S1 . The selection of these variables was from previous research on potential factors for depression development [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The students were asked to rate the depression symptoms they experienced over the past week using a 4-point Likert scale (0 = Did not apply to me at all; 1 = Applied to me to some degree, or some of the time; 2 = Applied to me to a considerable degree, or a good part of time; 3 = Applied to me very much, or most of the time).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Medical and health sciences students reported high levels of stress, leading to a low quality of life [ 10 , 11 ]. Risk factors of mental health issues in university students have previously been addressed in recent years [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], and several are highlighted by the WHO and national action plans in their general themes [ 5 , 6 ]. Nevertheless, the mental health of young adults continues to be disproportionally affected and has been intensified in the COVID-19 pandemic [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Targeted Primary and Secondary Preventive Strategies for Depression among Malaysian Pharmacy Students

Wahab

Goh

Zainal

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The global depression burden has remained a challenge throughout the pre- and post-pandemic era. The pandemic effect has led to the spiraling of mental disorders among young people who will be the next generation of leaders. This study aims to identify university students’ sociodemographic, psychosocial and academic backgrounds and performance associated with depression symptoms for the development of primary and secondary preventive strategies for mental health. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed to 19 institutions in Malaysia offering a Bachelor of Pharmacy degree program. The self-rated Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42) was used to assess depression symptoms. Pearson’s chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to assess the investigated variables with depression symptoms. Independent T-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare means of depression score across variables. Binary logistic regression was employed to examine the relationship between the investigated variables and depression symptoms. A total of 610 pharmacy students participated, of which 47% (n = 289/610) were having depression symptoms. Students who smoke nicotine and those who have separated parents, family history of mental illness, and poor academic performance were associated with depression symptoms (p < 0.05). Differences in geographical areas, race and religion also showed significant associations with depression symptoms. Parental marital status, poor academic performance, history of mental illness and comorbidities were statistically predicting depression symptoms (p < 0.05). Primary preventive strategies allowing students to harness healthy coping skills for stress, nicotine-free campaigns and a holistic curriculum are warranted. Secondary measures on mindfulness and compassion skills activities to benefit students who experienced early life crises are highly recommended. Enforcing these targeted strategies in collaboration with health and social sectors should be the primary agenda of universities to ensure their uptake.

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Global prevalence and trend of anxiety among graduate students: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

2023

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Objective To evaluate the comprehensive prevalence of anxiety among postgraduates and estimate its changes with a meta‐analysis. Method Systematic retrieval to SAGE, ERIC, EBSCO, Wiley, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science database was performed for quantitative studies on the prevalence of anxiety among graduate students published before November 22, 2022. The prevalence of anxiety synthesized with random‐effects model, and subgroup analysis was conducted by study characteristics (publication year, sampling method, and measurements) and subjects’ characteristics (gender, region, and educational level). Result Fifty studies were included in the meta‐analysis, totaling 39,668 graduate students. The result revealed that 34.8% of graduates suffered from the anxiety (95% CI: 29.5%–40.5%). Specifically, 19.1% (95% CI: 15.4%–23.5%) had mild anxiety, 15.1% (95% C: 11.6%–19.6%) had moderate anxiety, and 10.3% (95% CI: 7.2%–14.6%) had severe anxiety. And this prevalence showed a upward trend since 2005. Besides, master students suffered slightly less than doctoral students (29.2% vs. 34.3%), and female had similar anxiety to male (26.4% vs. 24.9%). Due to the COVID‐19, the prevalence of anxiety is higher after the pandemic than that before (any anxiety: 34.3% vs. 24.8%). Compared with other countries, students from Saudi Arabia, India, and Nepal were more vulnerable. The results of quality assessment showed that, 5 (10%) were in high quality, 21 (42%) were in moderate to high quality, 21 (42%) were in low to moderate quality, and 3 (6%) were in low quality. But, the studies with low quality tend to report a higher prevalence than that with high quality (40.3% vs. 13.0%), studies with nonrandom sampling tend to report a higher prevalence than that with random sampling (33.6% vs. 20.7%). Although we included the data collected based on the standard scales, there were higher heterogeneity among the measure ( Q = 253.1, df = 12, p < .00). Conclusion More than one‐third postgraduates suffered from anxiety disorder, and this prevalence had a slight upward trend since 2005, school administrators, teachers and students should take joint actions to prevent mental disorder of graduates for deteriorating.

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General Anxiety, Academic Distress, and Family Distress Among Doctor of Pharmacy Students

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Assessment of mental wellbeing of undergraduate pharmacy students from 14 countries: The role of gender, lifestyle, health-related, and academic-related factors

Assessment of mental wellbeing of undergraduate pharmacy students from 14 countries: The role of gender, lifestyle, health-related, and academic-related factors

Targeted Primary and Secondary Preventive Strategies for Depression among Malaysian Pharmacy Students

Global prevalence and trend of anxiety among graduate students: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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