General behavioral inhibition in passive avoidance by chicks

Brown, Cathryn P.

doi:10.1016/s0091-6773(77)91174-9

Cited by 3 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…T\.ese results indicate quite clearly that the 1-day-old chick has the inhibitory capabilities to withhold a response as well as the 4-day-old chick when key-peck responses are punished by wing shocks. These findings were unexpected because significant age-dependent differences in PA learning of the young chick have been consistently found in runway PA tests (see C. Brown, 1977, for a review); consequently, the objective of subsequent experiments was to determine the critical difference between the runway and key-peck PA learning paradigms for the emergence of age-dependent changes in PA learning of the chick.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chicks less than 3 days old cannot learn to withhold their approach responses in these runway tests, whereas older chicks learn very quickly to stop responding (see Fischer, 1975, for a review). This age-dependent change in PA learning of the precocial chick between the first and the third days after hatching has also been attributed to the neurochemical maturation of general inhibitory control (C. Brown, 1977;Fischer, 1975;Gilman & Fischer, 1976).…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…As examples, the 15-day-old rat, compared with the 30-day-old rat, is deficient in PA learning (Egger & Livesey, 1972;Schulenburg, Riccio, & Stikes, 1971), and this improvement in response suppression with age has been attributed to the functional development of a hippocampal-cholinergic system between the second and the third postnatal weeks (Altman, Brunner, & Bayer, 1973;Douglas, 1975;Egger, 1976;Wilson & Riccio, 1976). Likewise, PA learning in the chick has consistently been found to be age-dependent when measured by punishing an approach response to either broodmates (C. Brown, 1976aBrown, , 1976bBrown, , 1977Fischer & Campbell, 1964) or to a lighted, warm goal box containing food (Peters & Isaacson, 1963). Chicks less than 3 days old cannot learn to withhold their approach responses in these runway tests, whereas older chicks learn very quickly to stop responding (see Fischer, 1975, for a review).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ontogeny of passive avoidance learning in domestic chicks: Punishment of key-peck and running responses.

Mattingly¹,

Zolman²

1980

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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The effect of the number of prepunishment acquisition trials on the age dependency of passive avoidance (PA) learning of the Vantress X Arbor Acre chick was determined in both key-peck and runway tests In nine experiments, 1-and 4-day-old chicks were first trained to respond for heat reward, and then, following a variable number of reinforced acquisition trials, the chicks' responses were punished with aversive wing shocks. The major finding of these experiments was that the age dependency of PA learning of the young chick is related specifically to the number of reinforced training trialb given prior to PA testing. When a large number of prepunishment acquisition trials were given, 1-day-old chicks learned as quickly as 4-day-old chicks to withhold responding when punished. However, when only a few acquisition trials preceded PA testing, 1-day-old chicks showed significantly less response suppression than 4-day-old chicks These acquisition effects indicate that the age-dependent changes in PA learning of the chick are not solely due to developmental changes in general inhibitory ability. Rather, these PA results suggest that the 1-day-old chick, compared with the 4-day-old chick, is deficient in learning, or detecting changes in, stimulus-and/or response-reinforcement contingencies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 89%

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confidence: 99%

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Ontogeny of passive avoidance learning in domestic chicks: Punishment of key-peck and running responses.

Mattingly¹,

Zolman²

1980

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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“…3 or 1 10 min [Cherkin, 1971;Brown et al, 1977]. Further short-term retention is minimal if the inter-trial interval is between 3 and 5 min.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the effect of prenatal sound stimulation on long-term memory is not clear. Since learning and memory tasks improve with advancing age [Brown, 1977], it is not known whether this is influenced by prenatal auditory enrichment. Thus, in the present study, the effect of prenatal sound stimulation with either complex rhythmic music sounds or ethologically meaningful species-specific calls on postnatal spatial learning and longterm memory of domestic chicks at various posthatch ages was studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Complex Rhythmic Music Sound Stimulation Facilitates Postnatal Spatial Learning but Transiently Impairs Memory in the Domestic Chick

Kauser

Roy²,

Pal³

et al. 2011

Dev Neurosci

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Early experience has a profound influence on brain development, and the modulation of prenatal perceptual learning by external environmental stimuli has been shown in birds, rodents and mammals. In the present study, the effect of prenatal complex rhythmic music sound stimulation on postnatal spatial learning, memory and isolation stress was observed. Auditory stimulation with either music or species-specific sounds or no stimulation (control) was provided to separate sets of fertilized eggs from day 10 of incubation. Following hatching, the chicks at age 24, 72 and 120 h were tested on a T-maze for spatial learning and the memory of the learnt task was assessed 24 h after training. In the posthatch chicks at all ages, the plasma corticosterone levels were estimated following 10 min of isolation. The chicks of all ages in the three groups took less (p < 0.001) time to navigate the maze over the three trials thereby showing an improvement with training. In both sound-stimulated groups, the total time taken to reach the target decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in comparison to the unstimulated control group, indicating the facilitation of spatial learning. However, this decline was more at 24 h than at later posthatch ages. When tested for memory after 24 h of training, only the music-stimulated chicks at posthatch age 24 h took a significantly longer (p < 0.001) time to traverse the maze, suggesting a temporary impairment in their retention of the learnt task. In both sound-stimulated groups at 24 h, the plasma corticosterone levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.001) and increased thereafter at 72 h (p < 0.001) and 120 h which may contribute to the differential response in spatial learning. Thus, prenatal auditory stimulation with either species-specific or complex rhythmic music sounds facilitates spatial learning, though the music stimulation transiently impairs postnatal memory.

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Behavioural assessment of flicker fusion frequency in chicken Gallus gallus domesticus

et al. 2011

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To interact with its visual environment, an organism needs to perceive objects in both space and time. High temporal resolution is hence important to the fitness of diurnally active animals, not least highly active aerial species such as birds. However, temporal resolution, as assessed by flicker fusion frequency (FFF; the stimulus frequency at which a flickering light stimulus can no longer be resolved and appears continuous) or critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF; the highest flicker fusion frequency at any light intensity) has rarely been assessed in birds. In order to further our understanding of temporal resolution as a function of light intensity in birds we used behavioural experiments with domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) from an old game breed 'Gammalsvensk dvärghöna' (which is morphologically and behaviourally similar to the wildtype ancestor, the red jungle fowl, G. gallus), to generate an 'Intensity/FFF curve' (I/FFF curve) across full spectrum light intensities ranging from 0.2 to 2812 cd m⁻². The I/FFF curve is double-branched, resembling that of other chordates with a duplex retina of both rods and cones. Assuming that the branches represent rod and cone mediated responses respectively, the break point between them places the transition between scotopic and photopic vision at between 0.8 and 1.9 cd m⁻². Average FFF ranged from 19.8 Hz at the lowest light intensity to a CFF 87.0 Hz at 1375 cd m⁻². FFF dropped slightly at the highest light intensity. There was some individual variation with certain birds displaying CFFs of 90-100 Hz. The FFF values demonstrated by this non-selected breed appear to be considerably higher than other behaviourally derived FFF values for similar stimuli reported for white and brown commercial laying hens, indicating that the domestication process might have influenced temporal resolution in chicken.

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General behavioral inhibition in passive avoidance by chicks

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Ontogeny of passive avoidance learning in domestic chicks: Punishment of key-peck and running responses.

Ontogeny of passive avoidance learning in domestic chicks: Punishment of key-peck and running responses.

Prenatal Complex Rhythmic Music Sound Stimulation Facilitates Postnatal Spatial Learning but Transiently Impairs Memory in the Domestic Chick

Behavioural assessment of flicker fusion frequency in chicken Gallus gallus domesticus

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