General biochemical and immunological characterization of the venom from the scorpion Tityus trivittatus of Argentina

Pulmonary edema following scorpion envenomation: Mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment

“…Antivenoms can be classified into monovalent (when they are effective against a given species' venom) or polyvalent (when they are effective against a range of species, or several different species at the same time) [62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74] (Table 1). In a recent study, among critically ill children with neurotoxic effects of scorpion envenomation, Boyer et al [75] found that intravenous administration of scorpion-specific F(ab′)(2) antivenom resolved the clinical syndrome within 4 h, reduced the need for concomitant sedation with midazolam, and reduced the levels of circulating unbound venom.…”

New Tricks of an Old Pattern

“…venom of the Argentinean scorpion T. trivitattus is quite toxic, having caused human fatalities (32). Although the interest on studying this venom started several years ago (33), very little is known about its components structure and function.…”

Scorpionism in Central America, with special reference to the case of Panama

“…However, at least in the case of C. limpidus tecomanus from Colima, there appears to be a predominance of parasympathomimetic effects since the most common symptoms included local paresthesia (67.2%), pruritus/itching (54.3%), globus hystericus (47.3%), sialorrhoea (27.7%), and restlessness (26.4%) (58). Significantly, vomiting was observed in only 8.7% of the patients, which is in contrast to envenomation by Tityus species from Brazil and Argentina (18,59). As mentioned above, accidents with Centruroides species outside Mexico and the southwestern United States only involve local manifestations.…”

“…For instance, six Centruroides species are highly toxic in Mexico (C. infamatus, C. limpidus limpidus, C. limpidus tecomanus, C. suffusus suffusus, C. noxius) and the United States (C. sculpturatus), while Tityus includes at least twenty species of medical importance throughout South America and the Caribbean, including T. discrepans, T. zulianus, and T. nororientalis (Venezuela), T. trinitatis (Trinidad and Tobago), T. pachyurus, T. asthenes, and T. fuhrmani (Colombia), T. serrulatus, T. stigmurus, and T. bahiensis (southeast Brazil), T. obscurus (formerly T. paraensis/T. cambridgei, Brazilian Amazon, French Guiana and Guyana), T. metuendus (the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon), and T. trivitattus and T. confluens (Argentina) (4,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18).…”