General characterization of regeneration in <i>Aeolosoma viride</i> (Annelida, Aeolosomatidae)

Chen, Chiao-Ping; Fok, Sheridan Ke-Wing; Hsieh, Yi‐Ling; Hsu, Fei‐Man; Chang, Yao-Hsiang; Chen, Jiun‐Hong

doi:10.1111/ivb.12277

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Through the release of hormones, the brain promoted or inhibited regeneration in some annelids 12 , 37 . It was previously reported that no further replacements occurred after K-type jaws formed in Ophryotrocha 1 , 38 , 39 . Thus, more details about the molecular mechanisms between posterior and anterior regeneration in O. xiamen is needed to better understand the essential foundation for future mechanistic and comparative studies of regeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Morphological and molecular features of early regeneration in the marine annelid Ophryotrocha xiamen

Chen

Mukhtar

Wei

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Regeneration capability varies in the phylum Annelida making them an excellent group to investigate the differences between closely related organisms. Several studies have described the process of regeneration, while the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear, especially during the early stage (wound healing and blastema formation). In this study, the newly identified Ophryotrocha xiamen was used to explore the early regeneration. The detailed morphological and molecular analyses positioned O. xiamen within ‘labronica’ clade. We analyzed the morphological changes during regeneration process (0–3 days post amputation) and molecular changes during the early regeneration stage (1 day post amputation). Wound healing was achieved within one day and a blastema formed one day later. A total of 243 DEGs were mainly involved in metabolism and signal transduction. Currently known regeneration-related genes were identified in O. xiamen which could help with exploring the functions of genes involved in regeneration processes. According to their conserved motif, we identified 8 different Hox gene fragments and Hox5 and Lox2 were found to be absent in early regeneration and during regular growth. Our data can promote further use of O. xiamen which can be used as an experimental model for resolving crucial problems of developmental biology in marine invertebrates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Morphological and molecular features of early regeneration in the marine annelid Ophryotrocha xiamen

Chen

Mukhtar

Wei

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…However, in this study, we observed that O. xiamen could form one or two new segments forward but no complete head region, including eye and antennae. Presumably, the lower percentage of successful regenerates in anterior regeneration can be attributed to the need for restoration of more complex structures including the brain, eye, and jaw [12,26,32]. Further work is needed to better understand the essential foundation for future mechanistic and comparative studies of regeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Ultrastructure and Transcriptome Analyses of Early Regeneration in Ophryotrocha Xiamen Sp. Nov. (Annelida: Dorvilleidae)

Chen¹,

Mukhtar²,

Wei³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundIn recent years, significant progress has been made using powerful genetic approaches with newly developed models for understanding on regeneration, however, the molecular and cellular basis of early regeneration remains unclear. Annelids of the genus Ophryotrocha have long been subjects of research use as model species in ecological, toxicological, reproductive, and regenerative investigations. Although, Ophryotrocha spp., are amenable to molecular, cellular, and functional analyses, still in need to explore new model organisms in this genus to understand regeneration mechanisms. Here, we focus on a newly identified Ophryotrocha species for its early regeneration developmental mode.ResultsBased on detailed morphological (K-maxillae, rosette gland, and chromosome number) and molecular analyses, we present, O. xiamen as a new suitable model species to investigate the early regeneration mechanism. The comparative transcriptome analysis showed the gene expression patterns were related to transcriptional regulation, energy metabolism profiles and structure and signal transduction during early stages of regeneration. Data also exhibited that genes such as neurotrypsin, Nos2, DMBT1, SCO spondin, and endotubin associated to regulate inflammation, enterocyte differentiation, apoptosis, and neuroepithelial, were up-regulated during early regeneration stages (wound healing and blastema formation). Additionally, most of the known regeneration-related genes of annelids were also identified in O. xiamen which enabled to explore the precise functions of genes involved in regeneration process.ConclusionsThis study enriches the identification of genus Ophryotrocha in Chinese coastal zones, an area with high abundances of annelids. The comparative transcriptome analysis provided the whole expression changes during early regeneration process. Morphology and molecular shred of evidences in O. xiamen revealed similar features of early regeneration with other invertebrates. Information on potential candidate genes associated with early regeneration in O. xiamen, will be useful for further studies.

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“…The RNAi protocol was modified as described previously 2 . Double stranded RNA (dsRNA) was synthesized according to E-RNAi -a web application used to design optimized RNAi construct 64 .…”

Section: Whole Mount In Situ Hybridization (Wmish)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Caspase dependent apoptosis is required for anterior regeneration in Aeolosoma viride and its related gene expressions are regulated by the Wnt signaling pathway

Fok

Chen

Tseng

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Wing fok, chiao-ping chen, tzu-Lun tseng, Yi-Hua chiang & Jiun-Hong chen ✉ Although apoptosis has been widely observed during the regenerative process, the mechanisms by which it is regulated and its roles in regeneration remained unclear. in this study, we introduced Aeolosoma viride, a fresh water annelid with an extraordinary regenerative ability as our model organism to study the functions and regulations of apoptotic caspases. Here we showed that major events of apoptosis were detected near the wounded area and showed spatial correlation with the expression patterns of caspase gene namely Avi-caspase X and two apoptosis regulators namely Avi-Bax and Avi-Bcl-xL. next, we investigated how Avi-caspase X gene expression and apoptosis influence regeneration following head amputation. RnA interference of Avi-caspase X reduced the amounts of apoptotic cells, as well as the percentage of successful regeneration, suggesting a critical role for apoptosis in anterior regeneration of A. viride. in addition, we also discovered that the expression of apoptotic caspases was regulated by the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. together, our study showed that caspase dependent apoptosis was critical to the anterior regeneration of A. viride, and could be regulated by the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Aeolosoma viride is a fresh water annelid that can regenerate both anteriorly and posteriorly within 5 days after amputation 1. Amputation created a rough and uneven wounded area that smoothened around 12 hours post amputation (hpa). After 12 hpa, a hyaline cell masses started to develop at the regenerating area which characterized blastema formation. Mouth formation was initiated around 96 hpa, in which a circular structure reappeared at the ventral side of the peristomium. After 96 hpa, the anterior regenerating head bulged and became wider than posterior segments. Most worms are freely to move at 120 hpa, which was considered as a successful anterior regeneration 2. Previous studies showed that cell proliferation is required for the formation of blastema in A. viride 2. Similar to many animal species, undifferentiated cells from the blastema can proliferate and differentiate in an orderly manner to replace the missing body parts, tissues or organs in this annelid 3-5. Since many multicellular organisms maintain an appropriate body size, cell proliferation must be coordinated with other biological processes. One of such mechanisms is apoptosis 6. Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that eliminates cells that are damaged or no longer required in a coordinated manner 7. In many organisms, apoptosis is a normal and essential part of development. Studies have confirmed that apoptosis is necessary for the proper development of many organisms for it affect a wide range of biological processes 8-11. Organs and tissues that are only useful during the embryonic stage are eliminated by apoptosis to allow further development. Coordinated apoptosis on a large group of cells provide a mean to shape interdigital tissue in many vert...

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General characterization of regeneration in Aeolosoma viride (Annelida, Aeolosomatidae)

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Morphological and molecular features of early regeneration in the marine annelid Ophryotrocha xiamen

Morphological and molecular features of early regeneration in the marine annelid Ophryotrocha xiamen

A Comprehensive Ultrastructure and Transcriptome Analyses of Early Regeneration in Ophryotrocha Xiamen Sp. Nov. (Annelida: Dorvilleidae)

Caspase dependent apoptosis is required for anterior regeneration in Aeolosoma viride and its related gene expressions are regulated by the Wnt signaling pathway

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