General chemistry of metals, sampling, analytical methods, and speciation

Smith, Donald R.; Maroney, Michael J.; Nordberg, Monica; Tyson, Julian F.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823292-7.00001-2

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 219 publications

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“…Among pollutants, metals have become a serious threat to the environment and human health due to their non-degradable nature, toxicity, and bioaccumulation [ 1 , 2 ]. Total metal content is often a poor measure of the bioavailability, mobility, or toxicity of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems, as these contaminants exhibit different physical and chemical behaviours depending on their chemical forms [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Status of Algeciras Bay, in a Highly Anthropised Area in South-West Europe, through Metal Assessment—Part I: Abiotic Samples

Casanueva-Marenco,

Galindo-Riaño,

Granado-Castro

et al. 2024

Toxics

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The ecological status of Algeciras Bay (South-west Europe), highly influenced by anthropogenic activities, was assessed by monitoring Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu in water and sediment samples. Total contents and metal fractions with different availabilities and their spatial-seasonal distribution were determined. The trend in water and sediment contents were Zn > Pb ≈ Cu > Cd, without significant seasonal variations. Sites 3 and 4, closest to industrial activities, had the highest metal concentrations, mainly in sediments. Cd showed low partition coefficient in water, indicating higher bioavailability. Total metal content in sediments exceeded the threshold effect level for Cu and were close to Pb. The BCR procedure revealed the highest availabilities for Cd and Pb, due to its higher content in exchangeable and reducible fractions. Higher Pb levels (21.4 ± 5.1 mg/kg) were found in sediments of this bay compared with other ecosystems. Pollution indexes for sediment quality revealed that site 3 was the most polluted (CF = 7.12 and Igeo = 2.25). For an integrative study of the ecological status of this significant bay, these results have been complemented with the metal evaluation in benthic and benthopelagic fish tissues in Ecological status of Algeciras Bay, in a highly anthropised area in south-west Europe, through metal assessment—Part II: Biotic samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Status of Algeciras Bay, in a Highly Anthropised Area in South-West Europe, through Metal Assessment—Part I: Abiotic Samples

Casanueva-Marenco,

Galindo-Riaño,

Granado-Castro

et al. 2024

Toxics

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Radioactive elements in wastewater and potable water: Sources, effects, and methods of analysis and removal

Sharma,

Mittal

et al. 2024

Water Environment Research

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Radioactive effluents, originating from nuclear power plants, medical‐nuclear applications, and various extraction industries worldwide, present a significant and dangerous contamination challenge. The concentrations of radioactive substances in wastewater, surface water, and potable water vary widely depending on the source and location. For example, cesium‐137 levels in wastewater from nuclear facilities can range from 0.1 to 10 Bq/L, while tritium concentrations in surface water near nuclear plants can reach up to 100 Bq/L. Regulatory guidelines, like the maximum contaminant level of 0.185 Bq/L for combined radium‐226 and radium‐228 in drinking water, are critical for ensuring safety and environmental protection. Specifically, in Fukushima, Japan, cesium‐137 levels in surface water range from 0.1 to 10 Bq/L due to the nuclear accident. In contrast, regions with natural uranium deposits, like parts of the United States, have reported radium‐226 concentrations in potable water up to 1 Bq/L. These variations highlight the necessity for focused monitoring and evaluation to protect water quality and community health. Among various methods, Gamma spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry are precise for radionuclide quantification, scintillation detectors, and ion exchange, and adsorption techniques efficiently remove radioactive substances from water. This critical review examines the sources, adverse effects, and analysis and remediation strategies for various radioactive elements in wastewater. By thoroughly evaluating the origins and potential dangers associated with radioactive effluents, this report emphasizes the urgent need for rigorous monitoring and effective treatment practices to maintain the integrity of water resources and ecosystems.Practitioner Points Comprehensive analysis of the radioactive elements frequently found in wastewater and drinking water. Assess the negative effects of radioactive elements in water systems. Examine the treatment methods used to eliminate radioactive pollutants from water sources. Outline effective methods and tactics for addressing and controlling radioactive contamination occurrences. Analyze the latest advancements in technology, regulatory enhancements, and optimal methods to guarantee the safety of drinking water and the sustainable handling of radioactive substances in wastewater.

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General chemistry of metals, sampling, analytical methods, and speciation

Cited by 2 publications

References 219 publications

Ecological Status of Algeciras Bay, in a Highly Anthropised Area in South-West Europe, through Metal Assessment—Part I: Abiotic Samples

Ecological Status of Algeciras Bay, in a Highly Anthropised Area in South-West Europe, through Metal Assessment—Part I: Abiotic Samples

Radioactive elements in wastewater and potable water: Sources, effects, and methods of analysis and removal

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