General Formulation of Characteristic Travel Distance for Semivolatile Organic Chemicals in a Multimedia Environment

Bennett, Deborah H.; McKone, Thomas E.; Matthies, Michael; Kastenberg, W.E.

doi:10.1021/es980328g

Cited by 156 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Many studies have focused on understanding the processes of plant uptake of SOCs, which occur primarily via gaseous and particulate deposition (McLachlan, 1999;Gouin et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2008). The airplant exchange of SOCs also plays a significant role in the longrange atmospheric transport and global fate of SOCs (Simonich and Hites, 1995a;Bennett et al, 1998;Jaward et al, 2005). Several investigations have also used plants to monitor atmospheric contamination with SOCs (Wang et al, 2004;Zhu and Hites, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dechlorane Plus (DP) in air and plants at an electronic waste (e-waste) site in South China

Chen

Tian

Wang

et al. 2011

Environmental Pollution

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dechlorane Plus (DP) in air and plants at an electronic waste (e-waste) site in South China

Chen

Tian

Wang

et al. 2011

Environmental Pollution

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“…In this study, we focus on the farm-to-market travel distance for local foods. We define the reach of an SVOC as the characteristic travel distance (CTD) of the pollutant, which is a screening level measure of the distance that a pollutant travels in the environment from a release region (Bennett et al, 1998).…”

Section: Allocating Air Concentrations To Food Products and Exposed Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CTD is the radial distance from the source where the concentration falls to 37% of the original value (Bennett et al, 1998). The CTD, in simplified form is calculated as:…”

Section: Allocating Air Concentrations To Food Products and Exposed Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As proposed and applied by Bennett and others (Bennett et al, 1998;Bennett et al, 2000;Bennett et al, 2000) k eff takes into consideration partitioning and degradation of a chemical in air, soil (three layers including surface, root zone, and vadose), and water (surface and ground). We used the CalTOX multimedia modeling framework, as described above parameterized with California landscape parameters, to calculate a distribution of CTD's.…”

Section: Allocating Air Concentrations To Food Products and Exposed Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contribution of locally grown foods in cumulative exposure assessments

Lobscheid

Maddalena

McKone

2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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ABSTRACT:Both laboratory and field studies confirm the importance of vegetation for scavenging semi-volatile organic chemicals (SVOCs) from the atmosphere and a number of exposure studies have found that the dietary pathway is often a significant contributor to cumulative exposure for these chemicals. Exposure calculations based on published concentration data for foods indicate that the potential intake through ingestion is up to 1000 times that of inhalation for several persistent SVOCs. However, little information exists on the source-to-dietary intake linkage for SVOC's. Because of higher SVOC emissions to urban regions, this linkage is particularly important for foods that are grown, distributed and consumed in or near urban regions. The food pathway can also contribute to dietary exposure for populations that are remote from a pollutant source if the pollutants can migrate to agricultural regions and subsequently to the agricultural commodities distributed to that population. We use the characteristic travel distance (CTD) and available data within the CalTOX multimedia model framework to assess the contribution of local food markets to the fraction of cumulative food intake that is attributable to local sources. For a set of three representative multimedia SVOCsbenzo(a)pyrene, fluoranthene, and 2,3,7,8-TCDD, we explore the contribution of airborne SVOC's to cumulative uptake through the local food consumption pathway. We use the population based intake fraction (iF) to determine how SVOC intake varies among food commodities and compares to inhalation. The approach presented here provides a useful framework and starting point for source-to-intake assessments for the air-to-dietary exposure pathway. p 2 of 41

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“…Thus, the CalTOX model has little value in the development of concentration gradients with respect to distance in the case of a point source term. Fortunately, have taken place to study characteristic travel distances of semi-volatile compounds (Bennett et al 1998Beyer et al 2000. From these studies, models have been developed to predict characteristic travel distances based on chemical properties for semi-volatile compounds.…”

Section: Summary Observations From Caltox Scoping Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology Gap Analysis for the Detection of Process Signatures Using Less Than Remote Methods

Hartman¹,

Atkinson²,

Lind³

et al. 2005

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SummaryAlthough remote sensing methods offer advantages for monitoring important illicit process activities, remote and stand-off technologies cannot successfully detect all important processes with the sensitivity and certainty that is desired. The main scope of the program is observables, with a primary focus on chemical signatures. A number of key process signatures elude remote or stand-off detection for a variety of reasons (e.g., heavy particulate emissions that do not propagate far enough for detection at stand-off distances, semi-volatile chemicals that do not tend to vaporize and remain in the environment near the source, etc.). Some of these compounds can provide persistent, process-specific information that is not available through remote techniques; however, the associated measurement technologies have their own set of advantages, disadvantages and technical challenges that may need to be overcome before additional signature data can be effectively and reliably exploited.The main objective of this report is to describe a process to identify high impact technology gaps for important less-than-remote detection applications. The subsequent analysis focuses on the technology development needed to enable exploitation of important process signatures. The evaluation process that was developed involves three interrelated and often conflicting requirements generation activities:• Identification of target signature chemicals with unique intelligence value and associated attributes as mitigated by environmentally influenced fate and transport effects (i.e., what can you expect to actually find that has intelligence value, where do you need to look for it and what sensitivity and selectivity do you need to see it)• Identification of end-user deployment scenario possibilities and constraints with a focus on alternative detection requirements, timing issues, logistical consideration, and training requirements for a successful measurement• Identification of available measurement technology alternatives and associated attributes (available off-the-shelf, in near-term development, likely longer-term development and research-phase possibilities).Assembling these requirements into attribute versus generic acceptance criteria level tables and then comparing related attributes between tables allows for rapid visualization of technology gaps and gross estimates of the gap size. By simply weighting the attributes and the requirements in various ways, one can also derive the importance of the identified technology gaps. This output can provide the basis for both a near-term technology development roadmap and research focus as well as a decision support tool for selecting the "most likely to succeed" approach.The evaluation process as presented is generally applicable for the determination of measurement technology gaps for a broad range of applications [e.g., nuclear weapons processes, chemical weapons production, and biological weapons production, as well as classical signature categories (e.g., chemical and radionuclide s...

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General Formulation of Characteristic Travel Distance for Semivolatile Organic Chemicals in a Multimedia Environment

Cited by 156 publications

References 36 publications

Dechlorane Plus (DP) in air and plants at an electronic waste (e-waste) site in South China

Dechlorane Plus (DP) in air and plants at an electronic waste (e-waste) site in South China

Contribution of locally grown foods in cumulative exposure assessments

Technology Gap Analysis for the Detection of Process Signatures Using Less Than Remote Methods

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