General ground water geochemistry of Hellas using bottled water samples

Demetriades, Alecos

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.10.012

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Fig. 1 -HCO 3 -hydrochemical facies of the Chadha diagram (Chadha, 1999), and this is due to the lithology, which is dominated by dolomitic limestone, limestone, marble, and mafic-ultramafic rocks (ophiolites Finally, the chemical composition of source aquifers of the studied bottled water samples appears to be comparatively stable over time, since there is in fact a good correlation between the results of this study and those displayed on bottle labels going back to 1998 (Demetriades, 2010a;Reimann and Birke, 2010 (Reimann and Birke 2010) can, therefore, be used to gain a first impression of the natural variation of analysed elements in ground water at a European scale. Natural variation is enormous, usually spanning three to four and, occasionally, up to seven orders of magnitude.…”

Section: Uranium Distributionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…3), using bottled water as a sampling medium, are described in the published geochemical atlas (Reimann and , in a special issue of the Journal of Exploration Geochemistry , and other publications (Birke et al, 2010b, c, d;Bityukova and Petersell, 2010;Bodiš et al, 2010;Brenčič and Vreča, 2010;Brenčič et al, 2010;Cicchella et al, 2010;Demetriades, 2010a, b;Dinelli et al, 2010;Dotsika et al, 2010;Frengstad et al, 2010;Fugedi et al, 2010;Lourenço et al, 2010;Peh et al, 2010;Reimann et al, 2010a, b;Petrović et al, 2010Petrović et al, , 2011Petrović et al, , 2012. Here, only some key results are presented in relation to Hellenic ground water geochemistry (Demetriades, 2010a).…”

Section: European Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Geochemical Atlas of European ground water with emphasis on Hellas

2016

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A first impression of the geochemistry and quality of European ground water was obtained by using bottled mineral water as a sampling medium. In total, 1785 bottled waters were purchased from supermarkets of forty European countries, representing 1247 wells/drill holes/springs at 884 locations. All bottled waters were analysed for 72 parameters at the laboratories of the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) in Germany. The European geochemical maps give a first impression of the natural variation in ground water at the continental scale. The majority of European bottled waters are classified as of Ca-HCO 3 type, because of the widespread carbonate lithologies, but there is considerable variation from Na-HCO 3 type related to granitic rocks to Na-Cl type associated with deep saline brines. Since, the dominating lithology in Hellas comprises limestone, dolomitic limestone, marble, and mafic-ultramafic rocks (ophiolites), the dominant major ions in Hellenic bottled waters are Ca The source aquifers of Hellenic bottled water are apparently continuously replenished by fresh water. Chromium, V and U are discussed, because of their importance in Hellenic ground water. In Europe, the former is clearly related to ophiolites, whereas V indicates the presence of recent volcanism and basaltic rocks, and U is associated with granitic intrusions and Bunter (central England) and Keuper (central Europe) sandstone of early and late Triassic, respectively. It can, therefore, be concluded that geology is one of the key factors influencing the observed element concentrations for a significant number of elements. ΠερίληψηΣτην Ευρώπη είναι κατεγραμμένες πάνω από 1.900 μάρκες εμφιαλωμένων «με-ταλλικών νερών», η προέλευση των οποίων είναι από υπόγειους υδροφορείς. Η αγορά των εμφιαλωμένων νερών αναπτύσσεται με γοργούς ρυθμούς ως η κύρια παροχή πόσιμου νερού για το γενικό πληθυσμό σε μεγάλα τμήματα της Ευρω-παϊκής ηπείρου. Συνεπώς, θεωρήθηκε ότι η ανάλυσή τους μπορεί να αποτελέσει μιά φθηνή δυνατότητα, πρώτης προσέγγισης, της χημικής σύστασης των υπόγει-ων υδάτων των Ευρωπαϊκών χωρών. Αναγκαία πληροφορήση που συμπληρώνει τα αποτελέσματα του Γεωχημικού Άτλαντα της Ευρώπης, ο οποίος περιλαμβάνει ίζη-μα ρέματος, πλημμυρικό ίζημα, έδαφος (επιφανείας & βάθους) και ποτάμιο νερό [http://www.gtk.fi/publ/foregsatlas/]. Για τη μελέτη αυτή αγοράσθηκαν 1.785 εμφι-αλωμένα νερά από όλες τις Ευρωπαϊκές χώρες, τα οποία αντιπροσωπεύουν 1.247 πηγάδια / πηγές / γεωτρήσεις από 884 θέσεις. Τα δείγματα των εμφιαλωμένων νερών αναλύθηκαν στο εργαστήριο του Ομοσπον-διακού Ινστιτούτου Γεωεπιστημών και Φυσικών Πόρων της Γερμανίας για 72 χημι-κά στοιχεία και παραμέτρους, ήτοι (i) με ICP-MS για Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, I, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pb, Pr, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn, Zr, (ii) με ICP-AES για Ba, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Sr, P, Si, (iii) με IC για Br-, Cl-, F-, NO + , (v) πο-τενσιομετρικά το pH,...

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Section: Uranium Distributionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: European Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geochemical Atlas of European ground water with emphasis on Hellas

2016

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“…In practice, however, the temporal variation is not so evident, since the comparison of analytical results of the EuroGeoSurveys bottled water project with those displayed on the bottled water has shown a very good correlation between the two data sets. Hence, the chemical composition of source aquifers of the studied bottled water samples appears to be comparatively stable over time (Birke et al, 2010-this volume-b;Bityukova and Petersell, 2010-this volume;Bodiš et al, 2010;Brenčič et al, 2010;Demetriades, 2010;Fugedi et al, 2010;Reimann and Birke, 2010). When duplicate water samples are collected from the same well, but at different times within the same hour, the sampling variance represents the short term time-dependent uncertainty.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of measurement uncertainty in a probabilistic scheme to assess compliance of bottled water with drinking water standards

Demetriades

2010

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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“…Therefore, ratios evidencing them are not helpful for deducting some possible sources responsible by the presence of dissolved constituents in the liquid phase. Demetriades (2010) have attributed Na + /K + ratios b10 to rainwater, characterizing them in some bottled waters situated in areas with a comparatively high annual rainfall. In this paper, most of the waters analyzed (76%) exhibited Na + /K + ratios b10 but many of them are not indicative of rapid groundwater flow as expected for a rainwater source.…”

Section: Major Sources Influencing the Groundwater Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical study of spas groundwaters from southeast Brazil

Bonotto

2016

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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This paper describes a hydrochemical study focusing spas groundwaters occurring at São Paulo and Minas Gerais states, Brazil, that are extensively used for drinking in public places, bottling and bathing purposes, among other. The water samples (75) for this study were taken from springs and pumped tubular wells drilled at different aquifer systems that are inserted in Paraná and Southeastern Shield hydrogeological provinces. The data acquisition for temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, redox potential (Eh), dissolved gases (O 2 , CO 2 and H 2 S) and alkalinity was in situ performed for avoiding losses and modification due to transportation. The total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration was evaluated by gravimetry, the major cations and anions, iron and silica by colorimetry/atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), and fluoride by potentiometry. The acquired database allowed establish the principal trends among the parameters analyzed after assuring its consistence from expected relationships found in hydrogeochemical surveys. The groundwaters are reducing (from pH and Eh data), there is a direct TDS-EC relationship, implying on a significant correlation between their ionic strength (IS) and EC. The major ions justifying such trends were sodium, (bi)carbonate, chloride, sulfate and phosphate that also correlated positively with the IS. The spas groundwaters were classified according to the guidelines of the Brazilian Code of Mineral Waters (BCMW) and EU directive for mineral waters. The major hydrochemical facies were also determined, as well the main sources influencing the groundwater composition and possible subsurface temperatures.

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General ground water geochemistry of Hellas using bottled water samples

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

The Geochemical Atlas of European ground water with emphasis on Hellas

The Geochemical Atlas of European ground water with emphasis on Hellas

Use of measurement uncertainty in a probabilistic scheme to assess compliance of bottled water with drinking water standards

Hydrogeochemical study of spas groundwaters from southeast Brazil

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