General Guidance on Emergency Communication Strategies for Buildings

Kuligowski, Erica D.

doi:10.6028/nist.tn.1779

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…o Additionally, familiar terminology can include well-known (local) landmarks (e.g., national parks, road names [not mile markers], and suburbs) (Cao, Boruff and McNeill 2016;Kuligowski et al 2013;Hui et al 2012). The message providers may need to pilot test messages for particular audiences, and this can be done using language and readability testing (Kuligowski and Omori 2014).…”

Section: Guidance On Short Message Alerting For Those Under Imminent mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to increase comprehension of the outdoor siren system, alert providers should accompany the siren tone with consistent, specific, and clear information both for people inside and outside the threat area (Woody and Ellison 2014;Kuligowski and Omori 2014;Dobbs and Fung 2009;Rogers 1985). Information can be provided to the public (to accompany outdoor siren systems) via a variety of channels, e.g., public address or announcement systems, radio/televisions, short-message services, Internet, WEAs, and NOAA Weather Radios.…”

Section: Guidance On Outdoor Siren System Alerting For Those Under Immentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Alerting under imminent threat: guidance on alerts issued by outdoor siren and short message alerting systems

Kuligowski¹,

Kimball²

2018

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The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)'s Technical Investigation of the 2011 Joplin, MO tornado identified that no widely accepted standards exist for emergency communications in tornado events and more specifically, policies involving the use of communication systems to alert the public in advance of tornadoes. This publication provides evidence-based guidance for communities on the creation and provision of public alerts, including both alerts provided by outdoor siren (warning) systems and "short messages" sent by social media or other short message service (SMS) platforms. It is the hope that this guidance can eventually be used as input for standardization, through codes and standards, of the procedures and practices for outdoor siren systems and short message alerts used by communities across the United States. Standardization of emergency communication policies and procedures could occur at multiple levels, including among multiple jurisdictions, state-wide, regionally, or even nationally.This document begins with a brief background on alerting systems, focusing specifically on outdoor siren systems and short message alerts. The next section presents the methods used for the development of evidence-based guidance on public alerts, including methods for review of literature on public response to public alerting systems, the development of preliminary guidance based on these reviews, and the finalization of the guidance presented here in this report. Then, guidance for communities on the creation and provision of public alerts for those under imminent threat is presented. This document ends with a discussion on unanswered questions, providing opportunities for further research into various areas of public alerting.

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Section: Guidance On Short Message Alerting For Those Under Imminent mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Guidance On Outdoor Siren System Alerting For Those Under Immentioning

confidence: 99%

Alerting under imminent threat: guidance on alerts issued by outdoor siren and short message alerting systems

Kuligowski¹,

Kimball²

2018

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“…The use of language that is perceived as "clear" and comprehendible by a particular population will need to be developed and tested for that particular population . In addition, short messages can undergo language and readability testing that would improve the public's ability to comprehend in disaster events (see Kuligowski and Omori 2014;Omori et al 2017 for more information on language and readability testing for messages).…”

Section: Increasing Comprehensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of public response to short message alerts under imminent threat

Kuligowski¹,

Doermann²

2018

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The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)'s Technical Investigation of the 2011 Joplin, MO tornado identified that no widely accepted standards exist for emergency communications in tornado events and more specifically, policies involving the use of communication systems to alert the public in advance of tornadoes.This study is designed to develop evidence-based guidance for communities on the creation and provision of public alerts, including both alerts provided by outdoor siren (warning) systems and "short messages" sent by social media or other short message service (SMS) platforms. It is the hope that this guidance can eventually be used as input for standardization, through codes and standards, of the procedures and practices for outdoor siren systems and short message alerts used by communities across the United States. Standardization of emergency communication policies and procedures could occur at multiple levels, including among multiple jurisdictions, state-wide, regionally, or even nationally.This document focuses on short message alerts, specifically presenting a review of platforms, usage and public response. First, an overview is provided on the current status of short message alerts in the United States, i.e., the current short message technology available and the ways in which this technology is used in communities across the United States. Second, a review of the literature is presented on the ways in which people respond to short message alerts and the current limitations of these systems in light of these findings. This document concludes with a discussion on the key findings and recommendations from the literature on the ways in which to improve current short message alerts, based on the methods by which people receive and process these types of alerts. Following this work, a document will be developed to provide the overall evidence-based guidance for communities on the creation and provision of public alerts.

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“…New and existing research accounting for the ‘unobservable’ aspects of HBiF has implications for many engineering problems. This research can improve the ways that alerts and warning information are created and disseminated before and during a building fire emergency . Further understanding of the types of cues and information (and the methods of disseminating that information) that are more likely to increase receipt, attention, comprehension, and risk perception, and in turn, increase the likelihood of a safer response, will aid message providers in crafting a more effective fire alert and warning system for their building population.…”

Section: Delving Further Into the ‘Unobservable’ Aspects Of Human Resmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burning down the silos: integrating new perspectives from the social sciences into human behavior in fire research

Kuligowski

2016

Fire and Materials

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The traditional social science disciplines can provide many benefits to the field of human behavior in fire (HBiF). First, the social sciences delve further into insights only marginally examined by HBiF researchers, in turn, expanding the depth of HBiF research. In this paper, I present examples of studies from the fields of social psychology and sociology that would expand HBiF research into non-engineering or “unobservable” aspects of behavior during a fire event. Second, the social sciences can provide insight into new areas of research; in turn, expanding the scope of HBiF research. In this section, I introduce pre- and post-fire studies and explore potential research questions that fall outside of the response period of a fire, the phase upon which most focus is currently placed. Third, the social sciences elucidate the value of research methods available to study human behavior. Qualitative research methods are specifically highlighted. These three benefits will allow HBiF researchers to collect a wider range of data, further develop and expand current behavioral knowledge, and increase the impact of this research for both social and engineering applications. Finally, I end with a discussion on possible ways to better integrate the social sciences within human behavior in fire.

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General Guidance on Emergency Communication Strategies for Buildings

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Alerting under imminent threat: guidance on alerts issued by outdoor siren and short message alerting systems

Alerting under imminent threat: guidance on alerts issued by outdoor siren and short message alerting systems

A review of public response to short message alerts under imminent threat

Burning down the silos: integrating new perspectives from the social sciences into human behavior in fire research

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