General heat balance for oxygen steelmaking

Madhavan, Nirmal; Brooks, Geoffrey; Rhamdhani, M. Akbar; Rout, Bapin Kumar; Overbosch, A.

doi:10.1007/s42243-020-00491-0

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Therefore, the effect of parameter changes on the percentage change of available heat for other uses via sensitivity analysis (see Figure 6) is studied. The results show that the heat available for other uses will increase by 3.99% and 1.85%, respectively, for every 1% increase in C content in DPHM and PCR, which is due to the oxidation reaction of C and CO. [9,12] It can be concluded that under the conditions of determining the initial and final temperatures, controlling the C content of DPHM and PCR will help to increase the heat available for other uses in AOD, which will be conducive to reducing the use of exothermic agent and promoting the recycling of SS scrap. In the actual production process, to save production costs and reduce carbon emissions, it is a feasible method to increase the SS scrap ratio in AOD.…”

Section: Production Status Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, a large amount of cold materials is added into AOD (about 30-50% of the total material input), and a considerable amount of heat is used to realize the melting of cold materials which can also reduce the heat losses. [10,12] Figure 7 shows the amount of SS scrap predicted under different C contents in DPHM and PCR. It is worth noting that when the SS scrap addition amount is less than 0, it indicates that the energy input in the molten pool cannot meet the needs of smelting.…”

Section: Production Status Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8] Marcus established the complete energy balance of EAF and found that using the natural gas burner to enhance the energy input will not lead to an increase in carbon emissions. [9] A series of studies [10][11][12] based on Tata Steel BOF shop developed general mass and energy balance, the relationship between the converter steelmaking process parameters (scrap ratio, postcombustion rate, molten iron phosphorus content, slag amount, etc.) is clarified, and the optimization direction of the converter steelmaking operation is pointed out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Static Balance Model and Analysis of 430 Stainless Steel Produced by Basic Oxygen Furnace–Argon Oxygen Decarburization Furnace Process

Tian

Zhu

Zhou

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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Herein, a static mass and energy balance model of 430 stainless steel (SS) produced by the basic oxygen furnace (BOF)–argon oxygen decarburization furnace (AOD) process is established and verified by plant data. It is found that in the AOD, the energy input is efficiently utilized, the heat available for other uses is relatively low (4.0%), and the addition of SS scrap is limited. The high carbon content of dephosphorization hot metal (DPHM) and post‐combustion ratio (PCR) in AOD are conducive to promoting the recycling of SS scrap. In contrast, when the carbon content of DPHM and PCR is low, it is necessary to add an exothermic agent to the furnace. Due to the saving of nickel‐containing raw materials and China's high proportion of thermal power, the carbon emissions and energy consumption per ton 430 SS produced by the BOF–AOD process are 3131 kg‐CO2 and 24 161 MJ, which is much lower than per ton 304 SS produced by the electric arc furnace (EAF)–AOD process. Meaning the former is more conducive to the promotion of energy conservation and emission reduction.

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Section: Production Status Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Production Status Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Static Balance Model and Analysis of 430 Stainless Steel Produced by Basic Oxygen Furnace–Argon Oxygen Decarburization Furnace Process

Tian

Zhu

Zhou

et al. 2022

steel research int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to the mentioned parameters, recent study by Kadrolkar et al [34] estimated the internal CO nucleation, external CO nucleation, and CO escape during the residence time. The de-C reaction is highly exothermic [35] and by incorporating the generated profiles of CO nucleation and CO escape, the current study focuses on providing insights on the effect of de-C kinetics on the droplet temperature and heat transfer.…”

Section: Refining Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The volume bears direct relation with the temperature and the CO temperature is computed using the discretized form of Eq. [35]. With the volume of CO and Fe-C present in the droplet, the instantaneous volume (V t D ) and radius are computed.…”

Section: Mass Balance Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

Droplet Heat Transfer in Oxygen Steelmaking

Madhavan

Brooks

Rhamdhani

et al. 2021

Metall Mater Trans B

Self Cite

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Bloated droplet phenomena play a vital role in the refining kinetics of basic oxygen steelmaking. Previous studies have developed extensive models to understand the kinetics of bloated droplets. However, no studies in the open literature address the thermal behavior of bloated droplets for a BOF (Basic oxygen furnace). The present work aims to develop a bloated droplet heat transfer model by incorporating the dynamic and chemical aspects taking place during the time of flight. The calculations were carried out with reasonable assumptions for a single droplet interacting with the slag/emulsion zone. The model was developed with the input experimental data (initial droplet temperature as 1853 K, initial diameter as 6.4 mm with a mass of 1 g, and a slag composition of 32 pct CaO, 35 pct SiO 2 , 17 pct Al 2 O 3 , 16 pct FeO) from Gu et al. Gu et al. and the results were validated. The study highlights the significance of how the chemical kinetics is influenced by the thermal characteristics of a droplet in a real BOF compared to the experimental scenario. The predicted results infer that the heat transfer contributed by radiation is 6 times greater than the convective heat transfer in a droplet. Moreover, by computing the droplet heat transfer efficiency, it was found that a droplet ejected from the hotspot losses approximately 73 pct of maximum heat to the surrounding.

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Design and Thermodynamic Investigation of a Waste Heat‐Assisted Compressed Air Energy Storage System Integrating Thermal Energy Storage and Organic Rankine Cycle

Fu,

Sun,

Huo

2023

Energy Tech

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Compressed air energy storage (CAES) technology has attracted growing attention because of the demand for load shifting and electricity cost reduction in energy‐intensive industries. To increase the round‐trip efficiency and energy storage density and simplify the structure of advanced adiabatic CAES (AA‐CAES) systems, a waste heat‐assisted CAES (WH‐CAES) design integrating a tube‐in‐tube thermal energy storage unit and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is described herein. Thermodynamic models of the proposed WH‐CAES system are established, and the effects of waste heat temperature, ratio of compression ratios, ratio of expansion ratios, and air storage cavern pressure on the performance of different systems, including AA‐CAES and WH‐CAES with and without ORC, are investigated. The results show that when the waste heat temperature is 500 °C, the input work of the compressors reaches its minimum value at a ratio of compression ratios of 1.14, and the optimal ratio of expansion ratios is 0.39. Under these optimal operating conditions, compared with the AA‐CAES system, the round‐trip storage efficiency, energy storage density, and system energy efficiency of the WH‐CAES system can be increased significantly. The findings validate the potential of the proposed WH‐CAES system.

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General heat balance for oxygen steelmaking

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

A Static Balance Model and Analysis of 430 Stainless Steel Produced by Basic Oxygen Furnace–Argon Oxygen Decarburization Furnace Process

A Static Balance Model and Analysis of 430 Stainless Steel Produced by Basic Oxygen Furnace–Argon Oxygen Decarburization Furnace Process

Droplet Heat Transfer in Oxygen Steelmaking

Design and Thermodynamic Investigation of a Waste Heat‐Assisted Compressed Air Energy Storage System Integrating Thermal Energy Storage and Organic Rankine Cycle

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