General pathology of the musculo-skeletal system

Putschar, Walter G. J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-86323-3_3

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 454 publications

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“…(2) Their usual treatment seldom puts large loads on healing fractures. When cartilage forms in them, the normal ENOS sequences replace it with lamellar trabecular bone (Blenman et al, 1989;Rahn, 1982;Putschar, 1960;Woodard, 1991). The long-range order of the ENOS sequences here tends to lie between that of enchondromas and osteochondromas (see parenthetical note above, #1 "F").…”

Section: Pathological and Embryological Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Perspectives: A vital biomechanical model of the endochondral ossification mechanism

Frost

Jee

1994

Anat. Rec.

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Section: Pathological and Embryological Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Perspectives: A vital biomechanical model of the endochondral ossification mechanism

Frost

Jee

1994

Anat. Rec.

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“…Each phase can malfunction independently of the others**, so many different kinds of healing problems could and do occur that do not stem from known treatment errors. While former anatomists, histologists, and pathologists described the light-microscopic tell-tales of those things quite well (Gegenbaur, 1867;Lewis, 1906;Putschar, 1960;Weinmann and Sicher, 1955), their functional significance in this matter remained unknown until the Utah paradigm gelled.…”

Section: Implications For Bone Healing In Fractures Bone Grafts Ostmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a young man, my "bibles" for bone physiology included books by Jaffe (1958Jaffe ( , 1972, McLean and Urist (1961), and Weinmann and Sicher (1955), and a chapter by Putschar (1960). Comparing their content to the above material suggests how much progress occurred in understanding bone, bones, and Wolff's Law.…”

Section: Past Present Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

From Wolff's law to the Utah paradigm: Insights about bone physiology and its clinical applications

2001

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Efforts to understand our anatomy and physiology can involve four often overlapping phases. We study what occurs, then how, then ask why, and then seek clinical applications. In that regard, in 1960 views, bone's effector cells (osteoblasts and osteoclasts) worked chiefly to maintain homeostasis under the control of nonmechanical agents, and that physiology had little to do with anatomy, biomechanics, tissue-level things, muscle, and other clinical applications. But it seems later-discovered tissue-level mechanisms and functions (including biomechanical ones, plus muscle) are the true key players in bone physiology, and homeostasis ranks below the mechanical functions. Adding that information to earlier views led to the Utah paradigm of skeletal physiology that combines varied anatomical, clinical, pathological, and basic science evidence and ideas. While it explains in a general way how strong muscles make strong bones and chronically weak muscles make weak ones, and while many anatomists know about the physiology that fact depends on, poor interdisciplinary communication left people in many other specialties unaware of it and its applications. Those applications concern 1.) healing of fractures, osteotomies, and arthrodeses; 2.) criteria that distinguish mechanically competent from incompetent bones; 3.) design criteria that should let load-bearing implants endure; 4.) how to increase bone strength during growth, and how to maintain it afterwards on earth and in microgravity situations in space; 5.) how and why healthy women only lose bone next to marrow during menopause; 6.) why normal bone functions can cause osteopenias; 7.) why whole-bone strength and bone health are different matters; 8.) why falls can cause metaphyseal and diaphyseal fractures of the radius in children, but mainly metaphyseal fractures of that bone in aged adults; 9.) which methods could best evaluate whole-bone strength, "osteopenias" and "osteoporoses"; 10.) and why most "osteoporoses" should not have bone-genetic causes and some could have extraosseous genetic causes. Clinical specialties that currently require this information include orthopaedics, endocrinology, radiology, rheumatology, pediatrics, neurology, nutrition, dentistry, and physical, space and sports medicine. Basic science specialties include absorptiometry, anatomy, anthropology, biochemistry, biomechanics, biophysics, genetics, histology, pathology, pharmacology, and cell and molecular biology. This article reviews our present general understanding of this new bone physiology and some of its clinical applications and implications. It must leave to other times, places, and people the resolution of questions about that new physiology, and to understand the many devils that should lie in its details. (Thompson D'Arcy, 1917). Anat Rec 262: 2001.

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“…Modeling depends on growth, and in mammals that mature skeletally, bone, dental, and chondral modeling subsides at maturation or shortly afterward. The I 0 mechanisms that provide lamellar bone modeling include resorption drift and formation drift, illustrated in Figure 1 (Enlow, 1963;Jee, 1984;Putschar, 1960). Patterns of such drifts on periosteal and cortical-endosteal surfaces establish outside and marrow cavity bone diameters, and therefore cortical thickness and crosssectional area.…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…4) (Jee, 1984). A third remodeling variant removes the primary spongiosa and replaces it with trabeculae of lamellar bone to form the permanent or secondary spongiosa (Putschar, 1960). The purpose of these activities may lie in replacing a tissue with one set of biological and biomechanical properties by another that has different and more necessary properties.…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 98%

The “new bone”: Some anthropological potentials

Frost

1985

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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General pathology of the musculo-skeletal system

Cited by 15 publications

References 454 publications

Perspectives: A vital biomechanical model of the endochondral ossification mechanism

Perspectives: A vital biomechanical model of the endochondral ossification mechanism

From Wolff's law to the Utah paradigm: Insights about bone physiology and its clinical applications

The “new bone”: Some anthropological potentials

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