General Pattern, 35so4-Incorporation and Intracellular Localization of Glycans in Developing Sea Urchin (Anthocidaris) Embryos

Abstract

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) prepared from sea urchin embryos (Anthocidaris crassispina) at various stages with or without pulse 35SO4‐labelling was separated into various fractions by chromatography on DEAE‐cellulose with a linear NaCl concentration gradient: fraction “P” (nonacidic) and fractions “A” through “F” (of increasing acidities). The 35SO4‐radioactivity was negligible in “P” and “A”, largest in “B” and “C”, and decreased in the other fractions three alphabetical order. During development (hatched blastulae to gastrulae) the glycans in fractions “P” and “A” decreased in amount, whereas those in “E” and “F” increased. “E” contained heparin‐like (AMPS‐1) and dermatanpolysulfate‐like (AMPS‐2) GAG in addition to a sulfated fucogalactan‐like (E1) glycan. Another sulfated fucogalactan‐like (F1) glycan was found in “F”. A sulfated polysialic acid‐like (S1) glycan was found in “C”. An EDTA‐extract of gastrulae gave AMPS‐2, E1 and F1. The mitochondria‐rich fraction gave AMPS‐1, whereas the yolk granule‐rich fraction gave S1. Most of the other still unidentified components in “B”, “C”, and “D” appeared to be derived from glycoproteins and were mainly located in the crude yolk‐mitochondrial and cytosol fractions.

The Effects of lithium and Zinc Ions on the Pattern of Acidic Glycans in the Sea Urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus) Embryo

“…It is interesting to note that the pattern of glycans of unfertilized eggs ( Fig. 1-d) was, in general, similar to that of normal embryos except that; [ l ] the quantities of glycans were greater in normal embryos compared with unfertilized eggs, and that [2] the minor hexuronic acid-containing band eluted with 0.3 M NaCI, indicated by an arrow as X-component in Fig. l-d, was present only in unfertilized eggs.…”

“…As a result, embryos may undergo abnormal development. In sea urchin embryos, the '3'-component, mainly composed of sialic acids, is reported to resemble colominic acid (polysialic acids) of E. coli electrophoretically and to be drawn from the yolk fraction during cellular fractionation (2). In other organisms, polysialoglycoproteins are known to be localized in the cortical alveoli of unfertilized eggs (11).…”

“…Unfertilized eggs were washed with acidified (pH5.0) sea water to remove the jelly coat (22). : Glycosaminoglycans were prepared as described earlier (2). About l o 7 embryos, or eggs, were suspended in 100 ml of sea water, precipitated with 5 vol.…”

SEM and x-ray microanalysis of cellular differentiation in Sea Urchin Embryos: a frozen hydrated study

“…The slight increases in these sampling volumes during the early gastrula stage is due to the overlapping of the volume into the cytosol, which experiences an increase in S. The vegetal pole of the mesenchyme blastula blastocoel has been reported to be heavily sulfated (Akasaka et al, 1980). In view of these results, the majority of the sulfated proteo glycan within the blastocoel matrix is the product of the PM cells.…”

Histochemical Detection of Arylsulfatase Activity in Sea Urchin Embryos

“…In sea urchin embryos the level of sulfated proteoglycans begins to increase with the onset of morphogenesis (2,3), and extracellular proteoglycans have been suggested to play important roles in cell migration during morphogenesis (1, 4, 9, Arylsulfatase is widely distributed in organs and tissues that are involved in the metabolism of sulfurate esters (6,7,11,12). The arylsulfatase activity of the sea urchin embryos increases remarkably at the time of morphogenesis (13,15), suggesting that this enzyme is involved in the metabolism of sulfated proteoglycans during morphogenesis.…”