General Purpose Atomic Crosschain Transactions

Abstract

Atomic Crosschain Transaction technology allows composable programming across private Ethereum blockchains. It allows for inter-contract and inter-blockchain function calls that are both synchronous and atomic: if one part fails, the whole call graph of function calls is rolled back. It is not based on existing techniques such as Hash Time Locked Contracts, relay chains, block header transfer, or trusted intermediaries. BLS Threshold Signatures are used to prove to validators on one blockchain that information came from another blockchain and that a majority of the validators of that blockchain agree on the information. Coordination Contracts are used to manage the state of a Crosschain Transaction and as a repository of Blockchain Public Keys. Dynamic code analysis and signed nested transactions are used together with live argument checking to ensure execution only occurs if the execution results in valid state changes. Contract Locking and Lockability enable atomic updates.

Instant Function Calls Using Synchronized Cross-Blockchain Smart Contracts

“…Even though notary schemes could provide similar results, we refrain from presenting their specifics due to their limited verifiability and refer to [14]- [16] for further details. Similarly, relay networks distribute Merkle roots to multiple linked blockchains, rendering them potential candidates for the proposed synchronization concept [6], [10], [17].…”

Cross-Blockchain Technology: Integration Framework and Security Assumptions

“…Another advancement of blockchain technology is its ability to perform arbitrary computation and run business rules/logic in the form of smart contracts. For most of the use-cases in this domain, cross-blockchain interoperability is required since such functions need to interact across different networks [33]. For example, information can be transferred in the form of data, or smart contracts can be invoked across blockchains.…”

Distributed fusion cross‐chain model and architecture

“…The cross-chain parties realize crosschain identity management and authentication through mutual registration and authorization mode. Specifically, cross agent nodes implement cross-chain standardized communication [18], cross-chain routing, cross-chain consensus [10], cross-chain transaction verification, cross-chain authority management, and cross-chain transaction consistency management [9] etc. The blockchain nodes can connect multiple cross agent nodes as needed to improve cross-chain consensus fault tolerance.…”

“…Cross‐chain technology can break through the technical incompatibility between heterogeneous blockchain networks [9]. It can promote the reliable delivery of value and commercial cooperation in the financial industry across institutions, industries, and regions.…”