General structure of the mushroom body calyx in brachycera orthorrhapha flies (Diptera)

Panov, A. A.

doi:10.1134/s1062359009030078

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…1e). On the whole, the pattern observed was quite similar to that found earlier in tabanids (Panov, 2009b).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The mushroom body of P. scutellaris is quite similar in its general structure to the weakly developed mush room bodies of Xylophagus (Panov, 2009b). The calyx is pillow shaped, deeply embedded in the protocere bral neuropil, and subdivided into the anterior glom erular part, through which the fibers of the antennal globular tract run, and the posterior part, where glom erules are absent, and through which bundles of axial processes of Kenyon cells run (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Using as the parameter of mushroom body "par titeness" mainly the number of fiber bundles that enter the calyx and exit from it, we found that Brachycera Orthorrhapha typically have tripartite mushroom bod ies (Panov, 2009b). Judging by published descriptions, tripartite mushroom bodies are also found in members of Anisopodidae (Groth, 1971) among Nematocera and members of Syrphidae (Jarnicka, 1959) among Brachycera Cyclorrhapha.…”

Section: A a Panovmentioning

confidence: 89%

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The mushroom bodies of the lower nematocera: A link between those of the higher diptera and other mecopteroids

Panov

2012

Biol Bull Russ Acad Sci

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“…1e). On the whole, the pattern observed was quite similar to that found earlier in tabanids (Panov, 2009b).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: A a Panovmentioning

confidence: 89%

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The mushroom bodies of the lower nematocera: A link between those of the higher diptera and other mecopteroids

Panov

2012

Biol Bull Russ Acad Sci

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“…We may therefore predict that insects outside of the Hymenoptera, with different behavioural ecologies, may be expected to possess elaborate mushroom bodies if they rely heavily on associative and particularly spatial learning. For example, many lineages of flies (Diptera) are parasitoids; species in one group, the Bombyliidae, have larger mushroom bodies relative to those of nonparasitoid flies [103]. Species of Heliconius butterflies (Lepidoptera) that trapline foraging sites (repeatedly visiting learned host plant locations in a specific order) and return to a specific roost location each night also have larger mushroom bodies than do species that do not share these spatial learning-reliant behaviours [104]; the butterfly Pieris rapae possesses elaborate mushroom bodies that receive visual input, and individuals with larger mushroom bodies perform better at associating visual cues with host plants [105].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitoidism, not sociality, is associated with the evolution of elaborate mushroom bodies in the brains of hymenopteran insects

2010

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The social brain hypothesis posits that the cognitive demands of social behaviour have driven evolutionary expansions in brain size in some vertebrate lineages. In insects, higher brain centres called mushroom bodies are enlarged and morphologically elaborate (having doubled, invaginated and subcompartmentalized calyces that receive visual input) in social species such as the ants, bees and wasps of the aculeate Hymenoptera, suggesting that the social brain hypothesis may also apply to invertebrate animals. In a quantitative and qualitative survey of mushroom body morphology across the Hymenoptera, we demonstrate that large, elaborate mushroom bodies arose concurrent with the acquisition of a parasitoid mode of life at the base of the Euhymenopteran (Orussioidea þ Apocrita) lineage, approximately 90 Myr before the evolution of sociality in the Aculeata. Thus, sociality could not have driven mushroom body elaboration in the Hymenoptera. Rather, we propose that the cognitive demands of host-finding behaviour in parasitoids, particularly the capacity for associative and spatial learning, drove the acquisition of this evolutionarily novel mushroom body architecture. These neurobehavioural modifications may have served as pre-adaptations for central place foraging, a spatial learning-intensive behaviour that is widespread across the Aculeata and may have contributed to the multiple acquisitions of sociality in this taxon.

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“…Most insects studied to date show a similar pattern of dual neuroblasts/neuroblast clusters, dual Kenyon cell soma groups and dual calyces (the latter of which range in morphology from fully fused to fully separated; Farris, 2005b). Some exceptions do exist, perhaps most notably in the brachyceran flies (Diptera) in which three Kenyon cell groups are widespread (Panov, 2009a), and neuroblast numbers range from four to twenty (Gundersen and Larsen, 1978; Ito and Hotta, 1992; Panov, 2009b). However, given how widespread this developmental pattern of two progenitors: two Kenyon cell soma groups: two calyces is across the insects (including taxa in the primitively wingless Apterygota and the majority of taxa in the Neoptera), it is likely that this represents the ancestral mushroom body configuration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A subpopulation of mushroom body intrinsic neurons is generated by protocerebral neuroblasts in the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta (Sphingidae, Lepidoptera)

Farris

Pettrey

Daly

2011

Arthropod Structure & Development

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Subpopulations of Kenyon cells, the intrinsic neurons of the insect mushroom bodies, are typically sequentially generated by dedicated neuroblasts that begin proliferating during embryogenesis. When present, Class III Kenyon cells are thought to be the first born population of neurons by virtue of the location of their cell somata, farthest from the position of the mushroom body neuroblasts. In the adult tobacco hornworm moth Manduca sexta, the axons of Class III Kenyon cells form a separate Y tract and dorsal and ventral lobelet; surprisingly, these distinctive structures are absent from the larval Manduca mushroom bodies. BrdU labeling and immunohistochemical staining reveal that Class III Kenyon cells are in fact born in the mid-larval through adult stages. The peripheral position of their cell bodies is due to their genesis from two previously undescribed protocerebral neuroblasts distinct from the mushroom body neuroblasts that generate the other Kenyon cell types. These findings challenge the notion that all Kenyon cells are produced solely by the mushroom body neuroblasts, and may explain why Class III Kenyon cells are found sporadically across the insects, suggesting that when present, they may arise through de novo recruitment of neuroblasts outside of the mushroom bodies. In addition, lifelong neurogenesis by both the Class III neuroblasts and the mushroom body neuroblasts was observed, raising the possibility that adult neurogenesis may play a role in mushroom body function in Manduca.

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General structure of the mushroom body calyx in brachycera orthorrhapha flies (Diptera)

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

The mushroom bodies of the lower nematocera: A link between those of the higher diptera and other mecopteroids

The mushroom bodies of the lower nematocera: A link between those of the higher diptera and other mecopteroids

Parasitoidism, not sociality, is associated with the evolution of elaborate mushroom bodies in the brains of hymenopteran insects

A subpopulation of mushroom body intrinsic neurons is generated by protocerebral neuroblasts in the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta (Sphingidae, Lepidoptera)

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