Generalised Cassie–Mayr electric arc furnace models

Polynomial-dynamic electric arc furnace model combined with ANN

“…However, from an electrical point of view, EAF is not a straightforward load. In fact, it is a large, nonlinear, time‐varying, and dynamic single load with adverse effects on the power quality . Because of its nonlinear and time‐varying characteristics, it spreads a vast spectrum of harmonics as well as undesirable voltage variations, called flicker .…”

“…Many researchers have investigated EAF modeling. They can be classified into 3 categories: White‐box models. Several papers developed analytical modeling by proposing distinct mathematical equations .…”

“…Cassie and Mayr present 2 well‐known nonlinear and dynamic white‐box models, which are appropriate for high and low current, respectively. Several papers combined the Cassie and Mayr models to develop other model variants . Hyperbolic function is another well‐known nonlinear, static model in this category …”

“…One issue with this kind of modeling is that the calculation of the model parameters often requires solving nonlinear equations. For example, the parameters of Cassie, Mayr, and the generalized Cassie‐Mayr models can be attained by solving a set of linear equations . However, the parameters of a hyperbolic function model cannot be solved by linear equations.…”

“…In the present study, such models are called gray‐box models. A number of papers consider the model parameters as an auto regressive moving average time series with a linear relationship between their present and past values …”