“Generalist” Aphid Parasitoids Behave as Specialists at the Agroecosystem Scale

Derocles, Stéphane A. P.; Navasse, Yoann; Buchard, Christelle; Plantegenest, Manuel; Ralec, Anne Le

doi:10.3390/insects11010006

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Mummification percentages on M. persicae were almost four times higher in cultivated plants than in plants growing in the borders, even though its abundance was similar in both plant types. Similar differences in mummification percentages were observed in French cereal agroecosystems, where proximity to naturally vegetated borders did not contribute to an increase in aphid parasitism (Damien et al., 2017); likewise, a comparison between crops of Brassicaceae, maize and wheat, and the uncultivated habitats surrounding the fields showed similar findings (Derocles et al., 2020). In Argentina, similar results were obtained in horticultural fields and their borders, with mummification percentages of M. persicae being four times higher in cultivated than in spontaneously growing plants (Jaureguiberry et al., 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Use of plants by Myzus persicae in agroecosystems: Potential applications in conservation biological control

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Carla

Signorini

et al. 2021

J Applied Entomology

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Myzus persicae (Sulzer) is a highly polyphagous aphid species that attacks several economically important crop plants. Here, trophic webs involving M. persicae, its host plants and its parasitoids were described and quantified in wheat, oat and alfalfa agroecosystems from central Argentina, with special emphasis on the sub‐habitats where interactions occur: crops and adjacent field margins. Three fields cultivated with each crop species and their margins were sampled during three years; aphid abundance and mummification percentage were compared among crop plants and the diverse natural vegetation in the borders. Interactions were described using a quantitative food web approach, and abundance and mummification percentage e data were analysed using a generalized linear model. Four plant species present in the borders (Capsella bursa‐pastori, Rapistrum sp., Melilotus sp. and Trifolium repens) hosted M. persicae and its parasitoids. The alfalfa agroecosystem produced a significantly higher number of aphids than oat and wheat; however, in all cases, crops and borders sustained similar aphid abundance. A total of six Aphidiinae species attacked M. persicae, with no significant differences in the richness of parasitoid species between the borders and the crops, but with significant differences in parasitoid abundance, being higher in the crops. Mummification percentage were higher in crops than in the borders, with Lysiphlebus testaceipes, Aphidius colemani and A. ervi being the most abundant species. Almost 70% of M. persicae individuals were collected from fields borders, which highlights the importance of including these sites in studies of trophic interactions in crop fields.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Use of plants by Myzus persicae in agroecosystems: Potential applications in conservation biological control

Zumoffen

Carla

Signorini

et al. 2021

J Applied Entomology

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“…Contrary to several other Aphidiinae parasitoids, using molecular markers, A . ervi was proposed to be a ‘true’ generalist at the scale of an agroecosystem [ 15 ]. As no differentiation was observed according to the host plant, we can then expect natural habitats and other crops like Fabaceae crops to be reservoirs of A .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though no host-associated genetic differentiation has been observed here, it has been shown that A . ervi does not equally use its potential host range [ 15 , 57 , 60 ]. This is due to host fidelity through imprinting [ 57 , 60 ] or genetic factors [ 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To test this hypothesis, we compared genetic diversity between mass-reared populations and wild populations from aphids on strawberries and on other cultivated and wild plants, using a fragment of the COI mitochondrial gene that allows to resolve high level of intraspecific differentiation. The association of such differences to host specialization has already been demonstrated in several species of Aphidiinae [ 14 , 15 ]. We included samples coming from distant countries to check for a potential effect of geographical origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Genetics of wild and mass-reared populations of a generalist aphid parasitoid and improvement of biological control

et al. 2021

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Due to their ability to parasitize various insect species, generalist parasitoids are widely used as biological control agents. They can be mass-reared and released in agroecosystems to control several pest species in various crops. However, the existence of genetic differentiation among populations of generalist parasitoid species is increasingly recognized and this can be associated with an adaptation to local conditions or to a reduced range of host species. Moreover, constraints of mass-rearing conditions can alter genetic variation within parasitoid populations released. These features could be associated with a reduced efficiency of the control of targeted pest species. Here, we focused on strawberry greenhouses where the control of aphids with the generalist parasitoid Aphidius ervi appears to be inefficient. We investigated whether this inefficiency may have both genetic and ecological bases comparing wild and commercial populations of A. ervi. We used two complementary genetic approaches: one based on the mitochondrial marker COI and one based on microsatellite markers. COI analysis showed a genetic differentiation within the A. ervi species, but the structure was neither associated with the commercial/wild status nor with host species factors. On the other hand, using microsatellite markers, we showed a genetic differentiation between commercial and wild A. ervi populations associated with a loss of genetic diversity within the mass-reared populations. Our ecological genetics study may potentially explain the weak efficiency of biological control of aphids in protected strawberry crops and enable to provide some insights to improve biological control.

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“…2010) (but see Derocles et al . 2020). A feature of our findings was implicit host specificity among the native New Zealand parasitoids; each endemic aphid species was successfully parasitised by a distinct Aphidiinae lineage, with geographically separated Aphidiinae populations having the same or very closely related COI haplotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemic New Zealand aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) parasitised by native Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), not biological control parasitoids

Bulman

Drayton

Cameron³

et al. 2021

Austral Entomology

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Almost all known Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoid species in New Zealand have been introduced as biological control agents (BCAs) for introduced aphids or have self‐introduced. The New Zealand endemic aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) fauna consists of a small number of species that are parasitised, on occasion, by Aphidiinae that remain unidentified. A persistent concern has been that introduced BCAs are among the parasitoids attacking the rare endemic aphids. After 14 years of collection, 66 cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequences were obtained from emerged parasitoids, mummies or by specific PCR from parasitised New Zealand aphids. Parasitoid samples were from 13 aphid species (eight endemic, plus five introduced species feeding on native plants) at 20 locations. The Aphidiinae COI sequences comprised two new clades of native New Zealand parasitoids. One species‐rich clade appeared to represent a radiation after dispersal to New Zealand, whereas the second clade consisted only of parasitoids from a single endemic host. The patterns of aphid/parasitoid associations were strongly suggestive of host specificity towards the endemic aphids, while a subgroup of the newly discovered native Aphidiinae was found parasitising four introduced aphid species, despite the short time period these aphids are assumed to have been in New Zealand. We found no evidence for attack of endemic aphids by introduced BCAs or other introduced aphidiines. On the rare occasions that parasitism was detected in the most common endemic Aphidinae aphid, Aphis cottieri Carver, 1999, it was by a native Aphidiinae lineage, not by Aphidius ervi Haliday, 1834.

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“Generalist” Aphid Parasitoids Behave as Specialists at the Agroecosystem Scale

Cited by 12 publications

References 74 publications

Use of plants by Myzus persicae in agroecosystems: Potential applications in conservation biological control

Use of plants by Myzus persicae in agroecosystems: Potential applications in conservation biological control

Genetics of wild and mass-reared populations of a generalist aphid parasitoid and improvement of biological control

Endemic New Zealand aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) parasitised by native Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), not biological control parasitoids

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