Generalization effects of coping-skills training: Influence of self-defense training on women's efficacy beliefs, assertiveness, and aggression.

Weitlauf, Julie C.; Smith, Ronald E.; Cervone, Daniel

doi:10.1037/0021-9010.85.4.625

Cited by 73 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This investigation includes assessment of similar outcomes related to perceptions of ability to testify. Also, subsequent studies utilized the self-defense self-efficacy measure as an indicator of self-defense training effectiveness (Weitlauf, Smith & Cervone, 2000;Weitlauf, Cervone, Smith, & Wright, 2001). …”

Section: Self-efficacy: Theory and Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Witness self‐efficacy: Development and validation of the construct

Cramer

Neal

DeCoster

et al. 2010

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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The present study used a Self-Efficacy Theory (SET; Bandura, 1977Bandura, , 1986 framework to address the need for an outcome measure in witness preparation training. The construct of Witness Self-Efficacy, broadly defined as a witness's perceived ability to testify in court, was developed drawing largely on existing self-efficacy literature. The goal of the study was to establish initial psychometric properties for the Witness Self-Efficacy Scale (WSES).Participants acting either as mock witnesses or jurors took part in a two-phase study.First, 41 mock witnesses were asked to provide a written account of being falsely accused of an act. They were then briefly deposed about the account, and completed the WSES and construct validity questionnaires. Mock witnesses finally testified under cross-examination from a mock attorney about the accusations. In the second portion, a total of 290 mock jurors (six to eight per group) observed videotaped testimonies of participants from phase one. Mock jurors then provided predictive validity ratings of witness credibility, believability, innocence likelihood, efficacy, and agreement with testimony.Bi-variate correlation analyses showed that the WSES was significantly positively related with general self-efficacy, social self-efficacy, and general self-confidence. The WSES was significantly negatively related to introversion. The scale displayed non-significant relations with social desirability, depression, self-esteem, and innocence expectancy. Multivariate regression analyses showed that the scale failed to predict any of the primary mock juror ratings.Follow-up multivariate regression analyses showed that mock juror ratings of witness confidence iii and the WSES predicted dependent measures, although these independent variables were collinear. Finally, there was an interaction between self and observer ratings of the WSES as it predicted witness credibility.Results are discussed with regard to theoretical and applied implications. Contrary to SET, self-reported WSE appears to be largely correlated with confidence and fails to predict outcomes on its own. Concerning witness preparation, the WSES possesses solid construct validity and reliability, but requires further testing within a witness preparation training model to assess its practical utility. A self-efficacy based method of witness preparation is proposed as a manner of continued research using the WSES.

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Section: Self-efficacy: Theory and Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Witness self‐efficacy: Development and validation of the construct

Cramer

Neal

DeCoster

et al. 2010

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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“…As a result, WSE provides a clear target for intervention in order to boost witness effectiveness. Increasing self-efficacy beliefs is a common approach to skills training programs (see for example Schunk & Zimmerman, 2007;Weitlauf et al, 2000Weitlauf et al, , 2001.…”

Section: Self-efficacy 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An example of a selfefficacy scale used in training was established by Ozer and Bandura (1990). They developed and validated scenarios to assess self-defense self-efficacy subsequently utilized as an indicator of self-defense training effectiveness (Weitlauf, Smith & Cervone, 2000;Weitlauf, Cervone, Smith, & Wright, 2001). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-efficacy and confidence: Theoretical distinctions and implications for trial consultation.

Cramer¹,

Neal²,

Brodsky³

2009

Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research

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Self-Efficacy Theory (SET; Bandura, 1986Bandura, , 2000 has generated research and practice ramifications across areas of psychology. However, self-efficacy has yet to be assessed in a legal context. The present paper juxtaposes self-efficacy with self-confidence in terms of theoretical foundations and practical implications, with attention to the area of witness testimony. It is concluded that the concept of witness self-efficacy possesses thorough theoretical grounding as a potential target for witness preparation. As such, we put forth an integrated model of witness preparation featuring self-efficacy bolstering techniques within an established witness training framework.Key words: Self-efficacy, confidence, witness testimony, witness preparation Self-efficacy 4 Self-efficacy and Confidence: Theoretical Distinctions and Implications for Trial ConsultationWitness testimony represents one of the most pivotal influences in the judicial system. As a result, psychological literature has seen increased attention to witness confidence (e.g., Braun & Loftus, 1998;Loftus, 2005;Slovenko, 1999), credibility (e.g., Bollingmo, Wessel, Eilertsen, & Magnussen, 2008;Castelli, Goodman, & Ghetti, 2005;Ruva & Bryant, 2004), and preparation (e.g., Boccaccini, 2002;Boccaccini, Brodsky, & Gordon, 2005;Boccaccini, Gordon, & Brodsky, 2003;Nietzel & Dillehay, 1986;Posey & Wrightsman, 2005). The rise in witness-related research coincided with higher frequencies of trial consultants aiding attorneys in tasks such as jury selection and witness preparation. Trial consultation offers a rich area for psychologists to apply theoretical and empirical knowledge. The present paper addressed the link between psychological consultation and the law by examining social psychological constructs of self-efficacy and self-confidence both generally and within witness testimony. Drawing distinctions between these constructs is important because self-efficacy and selfconfidence are differing variables often used interchangeably. We show that self-efficacy and self-confidence differ in terms of focus of definition, theoretical support, practical application, and construct composition (i.e., affect, behavior, and cognitive components).Practically speaking, both constructs hold potential value for witness testimony and witness preparation. As a beginning point we broadly define and review the literature on self-efficacy and self-confidence with a focus on critically comparing the two constructs. Then, these constructs are directly applied to witness testimony from the theoretical standpoint of defining witness self-efficacy and witness confidence. Finally, Self-efficacy 5 applied implications of self-efficacy and self-confidence are shown within the framework of witness preparation, broadly defined as the practice of training witnesses in effective verbal and non-verbal testimony techniques.

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“…Evidence suggests that domain-specific self-efficacy may not be transferable to a general measure of self-efficacy but may be transferable to another domain. 33 This was demonstrated as a result of a self-defence class for women whereby improvements in physical self-efficacy and beliefs about their ability to protect themselves influenced other domains of self-efficacy that were not targeted during the training and were also unrelated -e.g., self-efficacy of interpersonal coping skills. 33 Their results also illustrated the lack of sensitivity of a general self-efficacy measure compared with their multidomain questionnaire to identify changes in beliefs and self-perceptions resulting from a novel and social intervention.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 This was demonstrated as a result of a self-defence class for women whereby improvements in physical self-efficacy and beliefs about their ability to protect themselves influenced other domains of self-efficacy that were not targeted during the training and were also unrelated -e.g., self-efficacy of interpersonal coping skills. 33 Their results also illustrated the lack of sensitivity of a general self-efficacy measure compared with their multidomain questionnaire to identify changes in beliefs and self-perceptions resulting from a novel and social intervention. Their multidomain questionnaire was contextualised, as it assessed self-efficacy in a variety of activity domains including academic achievement, assertiveness, conscientiousness, sports and interpersonal coping skills.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Interventions to Improve Cognitive Performance in Older Adults - Potential Psychological Mediators to Explain Variation in Findings

Stock¹,

Clifford

Hogervorst

2012

European Neurological Review

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Evidence suggests that exercise interventions can improve cognitive performance in older adults and prevent dementia. However, there are inconsistent results across studies. Exercise interventions vary greatly in terms of their environment and specific features.As a consequence, the different types of social interaction, mental engagement and feedback alter the psychological impact of the exercise. In this article, mediating relationships are discussed in terms of the impact that psychological factors related to exercise can have on cognitive performance. The probable psychological mediators discussed here include self-efficacy, attitudes and self-perceptions of ageing, perceived control manifesting in a self-fulfilling prophecy, causal attributions of memory problems and mood.The mechanisms of these mediating relationships are unclear and further research is needed to investigate them. In addition, the magnitude of the effect of psychological mediators and their relative contribution compared with physiological mechanisms in this context should be further investigated. KeywordsCognitive performance, exercise intervention, older adults, attitudes to ageing, self-perceptions, self-efficacy, perceived control, exercise environment, memory problems Dementia is characterised by severe cognitive deficiencies that impact on functional activities of daily life.1 With an ageing population, the risk of dementia increases, 2 which is a main cause of disability in later life, more so than some cancers, stroke and cardiovascular disease. 3Dementia is a worldwide problem. In the UK in 2010, there were estimated to be over 820,000 elderly afflicted with late-onset dementia.

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Generalization effects of coping-skills training: Influence of self-defense training on women's efficacy beliefs, assertiveness, and aggression.

Cited by 73 publications

References 24 publications

Witness self‐efficacy: Development and validation of the construct

Witness self‐efficacy: Development and validation of the construct

Self-efficacy and confidence: Theoretical distinctions and implications for trial consultation.

Exercise Interventions to Improve Cognitive Performance in Older Adults - Potential Psychological Mediators to Explain Variation in Findings

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