Generalization of Faraday’s Law to Include Nonconservative Spin Forces

Barnes, S. E.; Maekawa, Sadamichi

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.98.246601

Cited by 268 publications

(291 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…40 We also note here the work by Ohe et al, 41 who consider the case of the Rashba model, and the very recent work by Saslow,42 Yang et al, 43 and Tserkovnyak and Mecklenburg. 44 In addition to these recent papers, we mention the much earlier work by Berger, which discusses the current induced by a domain wall in terms of an analog of the Josephson effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin pumping by a field-driven domain wall

2008

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We present the theory of spin pumping by a field-driven domain wall for the situation that spin is not fully conserved. We calculate the pumped current in a metallic ferromagnet to first order in the time derivative of the magnetization direction. Irrespective of the microscopic details, the result can be expressed in terms of the conductivities of the majority and minority electrons and the dissipative spin transfer torque parameter ␤. The general expression is evaluated for the specific case of a field-driven domain wall and for that case depends strongly on the ratio of ␤ and the Gilbert damping constant. These results may provide an experimental method to determine this ratio, which plays a crucial role for current-driven domain-wall motion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin pumping by a field-driven domain wall

2008

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“…The spin motive force, on the other hand, is found in systems with a single ferromagnet [123][124][125] like a magnetic nanowire. When the magnetization varies in both space and time, conduction electrons experience a spin-dependent electric field that generates spin and charge currents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These processes, which generate spin currents by magnetic dynamics, are spin pumping [44,121,122] and the spin motive force [123][124][125]. Spin currents cannot be directly measured, but they couple to other processes that can.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the magnetization varies in both space and time, conduction electrons experience a spin-dependent electric field that generates spin and charge currents. Early calculations of the spin motive force [123][124][125][128][129][130] and the consequent enhancement of Gilbert damping [136][137][138][139][140][141] did not consider other processes that might be important: spin accumulation, spin diffusion, and spin-flip scattering. However, just as it is necessary to properly consider the backflow current for a description of spin pumping, so is it necessary to consider these processes for a calculation of the spin motive force.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-consistent calculation of spin transport and magnetization dynamics

et al. 2013

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A spin-polarized current transfers its spin-angular momentum to a local magnetization, exciting various types of current-induced magnetization dynamics. So far, most studies in this field have focused on the direct effect of spin transport on magnetization dynamics, but ignored the feedback from the magnetization dynamics to the spin transport and back to the magnetization dynamics. Although the feedback is usually weak, there are situations when it can play an important role in the dynamics. In such situations, simultaneous, self-consistent calculations of the magnetization dynamics and the spin transport can accurately describe the feedback. This review describes in detail the feedback mechanisms, and presents recent progress in self-consistent calculations of the coupled dynamics. We pay special attention to three representative examples, where the feedback generates non-local effective interactions for the magnetization after the spin accumulation has been integrated out. Possibly the most dramatic feedback example is the dynamic instability in magnetic nanopillars with a single magnetic layer. This instability does not occur without non-local feedback. We demonstrate that full self-consistent calculations generate simulation results in much better agreement with experiments than previous calculations that addressed the feedback effect approximately.The next example is for more typical spin valve nanopillars. Although the effect of feedback is less dramatic because even without feedback the current can make stationary states unstable and induce magnetization oscillation, the feedback can still have important consequences. For instance, we show that the feedback can reduce the linewidth of oscillations, in agreement with experimental observations. A key aspect of this reduction is the suppression of the excitation of short wave length spin waves by the non-local feedback.Finally, we consider nonadiabatic electron transport in narrow domain walls. The non-local feedback in these systems leads to a significant renormalization of the effective nonadiabatic 3 spin transfer torque. These examples show that the self-consistent treatment of spin transport and magnetization dynamics is important for understanding the physics of the coupled dynamics and for providing a bridge between the ongoing research fields of current-induced magnetization dynamics and the newly emerging fields of magnetization-dynamics-induced generation of charge and spin currents.

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“…The spin-transfer torque [12,13] in spin valves and domain walls [14,15,16] has been well understood for transition-metal based magnets [17,18,19] which already led to many applications [20]. The reciprocal effect to the spin-transfer torque results in electromotive forces induced by the magnetization dynamics [21,22,23,24]. All these pave the way for novel devices that can output as well as be controlled by temperature gradients, electric currents, and magnetic fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetocaloritronic nanomachines

Kovalev

Tserkovnyak

2010

Solid State Communications

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We introduce and study a magnetocaloritronic circuit element based on a domain wall that can move under applied voltage, magnetic field and temperature gradient. We draw analogies between the Carnot machines and possible devices employing such circuit element. We further point out the parallels between the operational principles of thermoelectric and magnetocaloritronic cooling and power generation and also introduce a magnetocaloritronic figure of merit. Even though the magnetocaloritronic figure of merit turns out to be very small for transition-metal based magnets, we speculate that larger numbers may be expected in ferromagnetic insulators.

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Generalization of Faraday’s Law to Include Nonconservative Spin Forces

Cited by 268 publications

References 10 publications

Spin pumping by a field-driven domain wall

Spin pumping by a field-driven domain wall

Self-consistent calculation of spin transport and magnetization dynamics

Magnetocaloritronic nanomachines

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