The mechanism for catalytic conversion
of ethanol over La0.7Sr0.3MnO3–x
(100) surface
to acetaldehyde and ethene was investigated. Pre-exposure temperature-programmed
reaction (PE-TPR) experiments were performed in which ethanol was
introduced to oxidized or reduced surfaces followed by heating. In
particular, sequential PE-TPR experiments were conducted to incrementally
and gradually reduce the surface. The products and their ratios were
investigated as a function of surface reduction. The data show that
acetaldehyde and ethene production is catalyzed with hydrogen abstraction
and oxygen abstraction reactions occurring by intermediates in vacancies
at various temperatures >400 K. Adsorption of acetaldehyde followed
by a temperature-programmed reaction does not produce ethene, indicating
that acetaldehyde is not an intermediate to ethene and that the hydrogen
and oxygen abstraction from ethanol to ethene are decoupled steps.
Further evidence for this mechanistic nuance was obtained using isotopically
labeled ethanol (CD3CH2OH), which produces CD3CHO and CD2CH2. The ratio of aldehyde
production to alkene production increases with reduction, suggesting
that aldehyde is produced from a disproportionation reaction between
ethoxy species in adjacent O-vacancies, while ethene is produced from
a dehydrogenation reaction with ethoxy species in vacancies without
requiring adjacent O-vacancies. Counterintuitively, this finding indicates
that the more oxygenated product (aldehyde vs ethene) is favored with
more vacancies and that the net alcohol conversion is autocatalytic.
Density functional theory calculations were able to find the previously
unknown disproportionation pathway between ethoxies in adjacent O-vacancies,
and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations support this interpretation by
reproducing experimental selectivities. The activation energies for
these pathways are estimated as 132 ± 10 kJ/mol for the disproportionation
reaction (when occurring between ethoxies in adjacent vacancies) and
as 148 ± 11 kJ/mol for the direct dehydrogenation reaction of
an ethoxy in a vacancy. Based on these results, a mechanism with operative
pathways based on elementary steps in O-vacancies is reported.