Generalized anxiety disorder in urban China: Prevalence, awareness, and disease burden

Yu, Wei; Singh, Supriya; Calhoun, Shawna; Zhang, Hui; Zhao, Xiahong; Yang, Fang

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.012

Cited by 96 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…According to an epidemiological study, anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders (42). The prevalence of GAD amounts to 5.3% in urban China, and only 0.5% of these people have been diagnosed (43). The majority of individuals with anxiety or mood disorders do not seek immediate help from a mental health professional but instead visit a general medical practitioner, which would usually cause a delay in treatment of at least one month (44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of individuals with anxiety or mood disorders do not seek immediate help from a mental health professional but instead visit a general medical practitioner, which would usually cause a delay in treatment of at least one month (44). People with GAD not only have functional impairments and lower quality of life but also have greater utilization of medical resources in the previous six months compared to people without GAD (43). In addition to the low recognition rate of GAD among non-mental health professionals (34), this may partly reflect the beliefs that GAD is not a real medical illness and that individuals could get rid of the problem that are held by non-mental health professionals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stigmatizing Attitudes Towards Mental Disorders Among Non-Mental Health Professionals in Six General Hospitals in Hunan Province

Luo

Chen

et al. 2020

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: There have been few studies on the stigma associated with mental disorders among non-mental health professionals in general hospitals in China. This study seeks to explore mental health-related stigma and the desire for social distance among non-mental health professionals in general hospitals in Hunan Province in China. Methods: The study was carried out with 1123 non-mental health professionals in six general hospitals in Hunan Province by using a questionnaire with a case vignette describing either schizophrenia, depression, or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Questions were asked about the attitudes of participants and other people towards individuals with mental disorders and the willingness to come into contact with them. Results: The people described in the vignette were considered dangerous by 84.4% of participants for schizophrenia, 72.0% of participants for depression, and 63.1% of participants for GAD. Besides being dangerous, people with schizophrenia were perceived as unpredictable and as the least suitable for voting for as a politician or employing. Around 50% of participants believed the problems described in the vignette were due to personal weakness. Over 70% of the non-mental health professionals were not willing to have the people described in the vignette marry into their family. The participants had gained their mental health-related knowledge mainly through the media, mostly from newspapers. Conclusions: The current study found a significant stigma towards individuals with mental disorders and a desire for social distance from such people among non-mental health professionals in general hospitals in Hunan Province. Anti-stigma interventions should focus on addressing non-mental health professionals' beliefs on dangerousness and unpredictability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stigmatizing Attitudes Towards Mental Disorders Among Non-Mental Health Professionals in Six General Hospitals in Hunan Province

Luo

Chen

et al. 2020

Front. Psychiatry

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“…We note that 33.73% and 29.35% of family members of HCWs reported GAD and depressive symptoms, respectively. The prevalence of GAD and depressive symptoms were both much higher than the levels reported among general Chinese populations [41][42][43][44] . In addition, The prevalence of GAD and depressive symptoms were All rights reserved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Mental health status among family members of health care workers in Ningbo, China during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: a Cross-sectional Study

Ying

Kong

Zhu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: So far, the psychological impact of COVID-19 epidemic among family members of Health care workers (HCWs) in China has been neglected. The present cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the mental health status and related factors of families of HCWs in Designated Hospitals in Ningbo, China. Method:Family members of HCWs working in five designated hospitals in Ningbo, China were recruited between February 10th and 20th, 2020. Information on demographic variables, the COVID-19-related events in the lives, knowledge of COVID-19 and the working status of family members (that is, HCWs) was collected using online self-administered questionnaires. The mental health status were assessed using the Chinese version of Patient Health Questionnare-9 (PHQ-9) and Chinese version of Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the main factors associated with the mental health conditions.Results: A total of 822 participants completed questionnaires correctly. (response rate of 95.80% ). The overall prevalence of GAD and depressive symptoms were 33.73%, and 29.35%, respectively. More times (hours) to focus on the COVID-19 (Odd ratio (OR)=1.215, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.061-1.391), family members (that is, HCWs) directly contact with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients (OR=1.477, 95%CI:1.069-2.040) were risk factors for GAD, while higher participants self-reported safety score for protective equipment of HCWs (OR=0.807, 95%CI:0.700-0.930) was a protective factor. More times (hours) to focus on the COVID-19 (OR=1.215, 95%CI:1.061-1.391), longer average working times per week for family members (that is, HCWs) (OR=1.017, 95%CI:1.005-1.029), being parents and other next of kin of HCWs were risk factors for depressive symptoms (OR=3.526, 95%CI:1.609-7.728 and OR=1.639, 95%CI:1.096-2.451, respectively). In addition, compared with participants who were HCWs, participants who were enterprise workers and were more likely to develop depressive symptoms(OR=1.750, 95%CI:1.104-2.776), while who were government employees or institutions All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. : medRxiv preprint employees were less likely to suffer depressive symptoms (OR=0.529, 95%CI:0.286-0.977). Conclusions:Psychological responses to COVID-19 have been dramatic among family members of HCWs during the rising phase of the outbreak. Our findings provide strong evidence to pay more attention on the mental health status of this vulnerable but often unseen populations during COVID-19 epidemic.

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“…41 For instance, a tele-health visit using video or telephone from local clinicians could screen, motivate and treat patients and families. Even when stigma about mental illness is common, as it is in China, 27 brief motivational enhancement techniques can be deployed as part of trauma-informed care that can be done routinely without making a diagnosis. Building such interventions and messages in public forums and giving people an opportunity to discuss how the pandemic is affecting them can provide an open opportunity for assistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Urban Settings in China

Lebowitz

Zou

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The COVID-19 outbreak in China was devastating, and spread throughout the country before being contained. Stringent physical distancing recommendations and shelter-in-place were first introduced in the hardest-hit provinces, and by March, these recommendations were uniform throughout the country. In the presence of an evolving and deadly pandemic, we sought to investigate the impact of this pandemic on individual well-being and prevention practices among Chinese urban residents. From March 2-11, 2020, 4,607 individuals were recruited from 11 provinces with varying numbers of COVID-19 casers using the social networking app WeChat to complete a brief, anonymous, online survey. The analytical sample was restricted to 2,551 urban residents. Standardized scales measured generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), the primary outcome. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to identify correlates of GAD alongside assessment of community practices in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, recommended public health practices significantly (p<0.001) increased, including wearing facial mask, practicing physical distancing, handwashing, decreased public spitting, and going outside in urban communities. Overall, 40.3% of participants met screening criteria for GAD and 49.3%, 62.6%, and 55.4% reported that their work, social life, and family life were interrupted by anxious feelings, respectively. Independent correlates of having anxiety symptoms included being a healthcare provider (aOR=1.58, p<0.01), living in regions with a higher density of COVID-19 cases (aOR=2.13, p<0.01), having completed college (aOR=1.38, p=0.03), meeting screening criteria for depression (aOR=6.03, p<0.01) and poorer perceived health status (aOR=1.54, p<0.01). COVID-19 had a profound impact on the health of urban dwellers throughout China. Not only did they markedly increase their self- and community-protective behaviors, but they also experienced high levels of anxiety associated with a heightened vulnerability like depression, having poor perceived health, and the potential of increased exposure to COVID-19 such as living closer to the epicenter of the pandemic.

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Generalized anxiety disorder in urban China: Prevalence, awareness, and disease burden

Cited by 96 publications

References 24 publications

Stigmatizing Attitudes Towards Mental Disorders Among Non-Mental Health Professionals in Six General Hospitals in Hunan Province

Stigmatizing Attitudes Towards Mental Disorders Among Non-Mental Health Professionals in Six General Hospitals in Hunan Province

Mental health status among family members of health care workers in Ningbo, China during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: a Cross-sectional Study

Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Urban Settings in China

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