“Generalized” epileptic seizures elicited by electrical stimulation of the frontal lobe in man

Bancaud, J; Talairach, J; Morel, P; Bresson, M; Bonis, A; Geier, S; Hemon, E; Buser, P

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(74)90031-5

Cited by 181 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This seems to support, as previously reported (Holmes et al, 2004;Tucker et al, 2007), that absences are not truly generalized but they involved selective cortical networks. Moreover, our results are consistent with abundant evidence, both in animals and humans (see Bancaud J et al, 1974;Lüders H et al, 1984;Amor et al, 2005) suggesting a primary role of ventromedial frontal cortex in the generation of GSW, although our analysis does not address causality directly. Lastly, our findings are coherent with the putative role of the prefrontal cortex during absences 5 (Pavone and Niedermayer, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Bayesian multi-modal model comparison: A case study on the generators of the spike and the wave in generalized spike–wave complexes

Daunizeau¹,

Vaudano²,

Lemieux³

2010

NeuroImage

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IntroductionDuring the past decade, EEG-correlated fMRI has been used to map haemodynamic changes correlated with the occurrence of epileptiform discharges in focal and generalised epilepsies (Salek-Haddadi et al., 2003;Salek-Haddadi et al., 2006;Laufs 2007;Gotman et al., 2006). In focal epilepsy, the localising information thus obtained has been found to be broadly concordant with the location of the sources inferred from other electro-clinical data and EEG source reconstruction (Lemieux et al., 2001;Benar et al., 2006). In contrast, generalised epileptiform discharges, such as generalised spike-wave (GSW) complexes seen on the EEG traces, are commonly associated with widespread haemodynamic changes in the neocortex and sub-cortical regions Hamandi et al., 2006).Given the temporal resolution of fMRI, of the order of a few seconds, one must assume that these maps are representative of haemodynamic changes taking place over entire discharges. As a consequence, they are not informative with respect to the electrophysiological processes that underlie the different components of such GSW 1 complexes. On the other hand, the problem of localizing these processes from the EEG remains a difficult challenge due to the widespread nature of the pattern which is thought to reflect rapidly propagating neural activity over a large part of the cortex. This is in addition to a fundamental difficulty of the EEG inverse problem namely that the underlying current sources cannot be estimated uniquely from EEG scalp measurements without invoking priors or constraints.EEG/MEG inverse solutions differ in the nature of their priors, which should ideally be specific to the neuronal phenomenon at hand. For instance, assuming that the underlying active network consists of a few focal sources has been used to justify equivalent current dipoles (ECD) localisation methods (Sherg and Ebersol, 1993). ECD solutions applied to the analysis of focal epileptic spikes have proven relatively concordant with both fMRI statistical maps (see e.g. Korjenova 2001) and intracranial electrode recordings (Merlet and Gotman, 1999). However, this class of inverse solutions can be 1 Within GSW discharges, the spike is thought to reflect neural excitation and the wave the inhibition (Niedermeyer and Lopes da Silva, chap 13).misleading in presence of spatially extended sources (see e.g. Kobayashi et al., 2005). In contradistinction, distributed linear (DL) methods aim at estimating the amplitude of a predefined highly dense ensemble of dipoles, typically spread over the cortical sheet (Dale and Sereno, 1993 We demonstrate the potential of this method in an analysis of multi-modal EEG-fMRI data acquired in a patient affected by idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) with frequent absence seizures. Methods Patient clinical historyWe studied a right-handed 23 year-old man (written informed consent and ethics committee approval obtained) affected by juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE; onset age 12y) with frequent absence seizures (2-3 episodes per week) and rare (fewer t...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Bayesian multi-modal model comparison: A case study on the generators of the spike and the wave in generalized spike–wave complexes

Daunizeau¹,

Vaudano²,

Lemieux³

2010

NeuroImage

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“…It has been argued that cortical mechanisms, clearly important in the final expression of cortical seizure discharges and consequent evoked behavioral manifestations, may also have the primary role in eliciting generalized attacks (Ingvar, 1959;Bancaud, 197 1;Goldring, 1972;Mutani et al, 1973;Bancaud et al, 1974). More recent evidence, however, has emphasized the role of the diencephalon and brain stem in the early events of seizure activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interruption of the connections of the mammillary bodies protects against generalized pentylenetetrazol seizures in guinea pigs

Ma¹,

Ja²

1987

J. Neurosci.

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Electrolytic lesions in the anterior and mid-diencephalon and ventral midbrain in guinea pigs were produced to examine the effects of interruption of the fornix (FX), mammillothalamic tracts (MT), and mammillary peduncles (MP), respectively, on the expression of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) seizures. As a group, all mid-diencephalic lesioned animals had some degree of protection from the electroencephalographic and behavioral convulsant and lethal effects of the drug. Through a composite volume analysis of protected versus unprotected animals, as well as a retrospective comparison between MT and non-MT lesioned animals, it was demonstrated that small mid-diencephalic lesions incorporating only the MTs and their immediate vicinity were capable of completely preventing the convulsant and lethal effects of PTZ. Lesions of the FX and MP were also protective against PTZ seizures but to a lesser degree than the MT lesions.These results demonstrate that the major afferent and efferent connections of the mammillary bodies are involved in expressing PTZ seizure activity and suggest that the MT may be the major pathway mediating paroxysmal activity from brain stem to the thalamus.The expression of generalized seizures is characterized by bilateral and synchronous activation of cortical and subcortical brain regions. Although the functional anatomy of this convulsive process is yet unclear, substantial evidence suggests that subcortical brain regions, through their widespread cortical connections, play a major role in the propagation and perhaps initiation of these attacks. Early studies demonstrated numerous facilitatory and inhibitory influences on seizure activity in both the brain stem and diencephalon (Morison and Dempsey, 1942;Jasper and Droogleever-Fortuyn, 1946;Hunter and Jasper, 1949; Ingvar, 1955a, b;Ralston and Ajmone-Marsan, 1956;Kriendler et al., 1958;Andy and Mukawa, 1959; Bergman et al., 1963;Guerrero-Figueroa et al., 1963;Weir, 1964) and suggested important roles for diffusely organized regions such as the reticular formations of the pons, mesencephalon, and thalamus. Specific areas of the subcortex have also been associated with seizure mechanisms, including the hypothalamus (Murphy and Gellhorn, 1945;Jasper and Droogleever-Fortuyn, 1946; Green and Received Jan. 13, 1986; revised Aug. 28, 1986; accepted Sept. 4, 1986 (Jinnai, 1966;Jinnai et al., 1969;Jinnai and Mukawa, 1970), substantia nigra (Iadarola and Gale, 1982;Garant and Gale, 1983;Gonzalez and Hettinger, 1984; McNamara et al., 1983McNamara et al., , 1984, and several thalamic nuclei (Mullen et al., 1967;Jinnai et al., 1969;Feeney and Gullotta, 1972;Kusske et al., 1972;Van Straaten, 1975;Quesney et al., 1977).Recently we observed the selective metabolic activation of the mammillary bodies (MB) and their immediate connections during a threshold convulsive stimulus induced by the co-infusion of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and ethosuximide (ESM) (Mirski and Ferrendelli, 1983). We also reported preliminary data demonstrating that the interruption of the mamm...

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“…Clinically the three seizure types encountered in idiopathic generalised epilepsy (absences, tonic-clonic seizures, and massive myoclonias) have been found in frontal lobe epilepsy.20 22 Electrically the ictal and interictal manifestations of frontal lobe epilepsy may have the same semiology as idiopathic generalised epilepsy. 19 23 Roger and Bureau'9 suggested that, when unequivocal electroclinical signs are lacking, frontal lobe epilepsy may be suspected in patients who do not fit one of the specific idiopathic generalised epilepsy syndromes classified in the IIAE proposal.9…”

Section: Diagnostic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroclinical features of idiopathic generalised epilepsy with persisting absences in adult life.

Michelucci

Rubboli

Passarelli

et al. 1996

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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“Generalized” epileptic seizures elicited by electrical stimulation of the frontal lobe in man

Cited by 181 publications

References 9 publications

Bayesian multi-modal model comparison: A case study on the generators of the spike and the wave in generalized spike–wave complexes

Bayesian multi-modal model comparison: A case study on the generators of the spike and the wave in generalized spike–wave complexes

Interruption of the connections of the mammillary bodies protects against generalized pentylenetetrazol seizures in guinea pigs

Electroclinical features of idiopathic generalised epilepsy with persisting absences in adult life.

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