Generalized force model of traffic dynamics

Helbing, Dirk; Tilch, Benno

doi:10.1103/physreve.58.133

Cited by 1,039 publications

(473 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Congestion in the main lanes blocks the vehicles desiring to merge which leads to the congestion in the auxiliary lane although the peak flow is less than the capacity of this lane (Figure 6d). We find that the structure of congested traffic flow reproduced by the model is well-consistent with observations in microscopic models (Helbing and Tilch, 1998).…”

Section: Numerical Studysupporting

confidence: 84%

Derivation of Continuum Traffic Model for Weaving Sections on Freeways

Ngoduy

2006

Transportmetrica

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This paper presents a new continuum model describing the dynamics of multiclass traffic flow on multilane freeways including weaving sections. In this paper, we consider a specific freeway weaving type, which is formed when an on ramp is near to an off ramp and these two ramps are joined by an auxiliary lane. Traffic interactions in this weaving zone are very complex due to the involvement of weaving flows and non-weaving flows in the so-called mandatory lane-changing process. To handle this complexity, it is essential to have a good understanding of the (microscopic) driving behavior within the weaving zones. These behaviors are modeled based on a gap-acceptance model. The methodology to obtain a weaving continuum traffic model is thus twofold. On the one hand, we develop a (macroscopic) model to determine the mandatory lane-changing probability based on a renewal process. On the other hand, we implement the lane-changing model into a current gas-kinetic traffic flow model for heterogeneous traffic flow on multilane roadways. From this, corresponding macroscopic model is obtained based on the method of moments.

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Section: Numerical Studysupporting

confidence: 84%

Derivation of Continuum Traffic Model for Weaving Sections on Freeways

Ngoduy

2006

Transportmetrica

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“…(12) (Helbing and Tilch, 1998) is applied, a flexible car-following feature is captured. In other words, the following car adapts to the velocity of the car in front as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Car Following Featurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maximum acceleration and deceleration limits are assigned to road users based on the observed data on New Road (see Section 23). Cars' braking time and the safety distances are ′ = 0.77 s and = 1.38 m as in Helbing and Tilch (1998). The anisotropic character of pedestrian and drivers (the form factor) is set to 0.2 so that interactions outside of the field of view have little effect on the forces.…”

Section: Simulation Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling shared space users via rule-based social force model

Anvari

Bell

Sivakumar

et al. 2015

Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies

131

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The promotion of space sharing in order to raise the quality of community living and safety of street surroundings is increasingly accepted feature of modern urban design. In this context, the development of a shared space simulation tool is essential in helping determine whether particular shared space schemes are suitable alternatives to traditional street layouts. A simulation tool that enables urban designers to visualise pedestrians and cars trajectories, extract flow and density relation in a new shared space design, achieve solutions for optimal design features before implementation, and help getting the design closer to the system optimal. This paper presents a three-layered microscopic mathematical model which is capable of representing the behaviour of pedestrians and vehicles in shared space layouts and it is implemented in a traffic simulation tool. The top layer calculates route maps based on static obstacles in the environment. It plans the shortest path towards agents' respective destinations by generating one or more intermediate targets. In the second layer, the Social Force Model (SFM) is modified and extended for mixed traffic to produce feasible trajectories. Since car movements are not as flexible as pedestrian movements, velocity angle constraints are included for cars. The conflicts described in the third layer are resolved by rule-based constraints for shared space users. An optimisation algorithm is applied to determine the interaction parameters of the force-based model for shared space users using empirical data. This new three-layer microscopic model can be used to simulate shared space environments and assess, for example, new street designs.

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“…The social force f soc γδ is assigned zero in this case. The deceleration force f dec γ−1,γ is defined in Equation 7 [9] and its magnitude depends on the distance between cars d γδ considering the velocity dependence safe distance d(v γ δ ), velocity differences ∆ v γδ and braking time τ´γ . …”

Section: Interaction Forces Considering the Geometric Model Of Carsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared Space Modeling Based on Social Forces and Distance Potential Field

Anvari

Daamen

Knoop

et al. 2013

Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2012

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Abstract. Urban design is moving towards space sharing in order to increase the community texture and safety of street surroundings. However, there is a need for a simulation tool capable of representing future shared space schemes to help judging the designs under which shared space design is a suitable alternative to traditional street designs. This paper presents a microscopic mathematical model that is used a traffic simulation tool capable to represem main behaviors of pedestrians and cars in any shared space layout. This is achieved by generating a route map which helps agents to find the shortest path towards their target destinations on the strategic level. On the operational level, the Social Force Model (SFM) is used and extended for a mixed traffic to produce feasible trajectories. The trajectory results are presented to give a face-validation of the functionality of the shared space simulation model.

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Generalized force model of traffic dynamics

Cited by 1,039 publications

References 26 publications

Derivation of Continuum Traffic Model for Weaving Sections on Freeways

Derivation of Continuum Traffic Model for Weaving Sections on Freeways

Modelling shared space users via rule-based social force model

Shared Space Modeling Based on Social Forces and Distance Potential Field

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