Generalized granuloma annulare: Histopathology and immunopathology

Histologic features of granulomatous skin diseases. Part 1: Non‐infectious granulomatous disorders

“…In granuloma annulare , typical histopathologic findings are independent of clinical presentation. Thus, localized annular lesions or disseminated macules are histologically indistinguishable . While there is no epidermal involvement, the dermis reveals degenerated connective tissue surrounded by slightly elongated palisading epithelioid cells (Figure ).…”

Association of Generalized Granuloma Annulare with Autoantibodies

“…Generalized granuloma annulare is an uncommon, cutaneous, granulomatous disease. Recently information about generalized granuloma annulare is increasing in the literature (3,(6)(7)(8). Recent reports suggest that immunological alterations might play an important role in the pathogenesis of granuloma annulare.…”

“…Umbert, Dabski, and Winkelmann (1,3,6) believed that granuloma annulare is a type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction to either locally or systemically acting stimuli from the results of histopathologic, immunopathologic, and ultrastructural studies of granuloma annulare. They proposed that sensitized lymphocytes in the dermis release some cytokines which cause macrophages and histiocytes to sequester in the dermis and release various lysosomal enzymes that partially degrade collagen fibers.…”

“…Immunological investigations suggest a role for delayed-type hypersensitivity (1)(2)(3) or vascular injury (4,5) in the pathogenesis of granuloma annulare. We recendy observed three patients with generalized granuloma annulare, in whom various kinds of autoantibodies were detected.…”

Histologische Merkmale granulomatöser Hauterkrankungen: Teil 1: nichtinfektiöse granulomatöse Erkrankungen

“…Die typischen histopathologischen Befunde des Granuloma anulare sind unabhängig von dem klinischen Erscheinungsbild. Histologisch lassen sich die lokalisierten anulären Läsionen nicht von den disseminierten Maculae unterscheiden . Während die Epidermis in der Regel nicht betroffen ist, findet sich in der Dermis degeneriertes Bindegewebe, welches von leicht elongierten palisadenartig angeordneten Epitheloidzellen umgeben wird (Abbildung ).…”