“…Magnesium oxide is an inorganic material, which crystallizes in a rock-salt crystal structure and has thermodynamically stable (100) crystal planes [21]. MgO NP has various unique and extraordinary properties, such as excellent thermal and chemical stability, non-toxicity, high melting point, wear resistance, low erosion rate, non-toxicity and good biocompatibility [22][23][24][25][26]. Because of its inherent properties like large speci c surface area, strong surface reactivity and buffer capacity, MgO NP is regarded as a viable contender in domains such as catalysis, and wastewater treatment, among others [27][28][29][30][31].…”