Generalized Osteoarthritis and Heberden's Nodes

Kellgren, Jan; Moore, Ray

doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4751.181

Cited by 412 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

141

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Dilatation and congestion of the microvasculature, villous proliferation and lymphoid infiltration were observed in the synovial membrane in the SCI-2w rats. This finding resemble the histopathology of initial osteoarthritis (OA) which presents with a chronic inflammatory response such as microvillus formation, growth and fibrosis of capillaries 21,22) . In a previous study of the histopathological changes in the synovial membrane after joint immobility, Evans et al 12) reported that the joint cavity was narrowed by outgrowth of the connective tissue under the synovial membrane underneath the patellar ligament 15 days after CI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Generally, Charcot's joint 24) is known as an articular disorder coexisting with the proprioception disturbances induced by SCI. Moreover, the inflammation of synovial tissue in OA is a reactive inflammation accompanying injury 21,22) . Thus, we propose that the synovial tissue inflammation found in SCI rats is similar to OA-like synovial tissue inflammation induced by recurrent tissue damage with disturbances in proprioception.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Histopathological Changes in Knee Joint Components after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the histopathological changes in knee joint components after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. [Subjects and Methods] Eighteen adult, nine-week-old female Wistar rats were used in this study. Nine experimental rats underwent a spinal cord transection at the level of Th8-9 and the other nine control rats were raised normally. The animals were assessed at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. Formalin fixed sections from knee joints were morphologically examined after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Alterations of knee joint components were evaluated at four regions: the synovial membrane within the posterior articular capsule region, the cartilage apposite the femur, the cartilage apposite the tibia, and the fat pad under the patellar ligament region.[Results] Dilatation and congestion of the microvasculature and lymphoid infiltration were observed in the synovial membrane in the SCI group. These findings are similar to those found in early osteoarthritis. The surface layer of the articular cartilage in the SCI group showed fibrous proliferation. [Conclusion] The histopathological changes appear not to be progressive and may be related to spasticity of the hindlimb or a disorder in the autonomic function.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological Changes in Knee Joint Components after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our patients with knee OA can be classified as having generalized OA, i.e., polyarticular involvement affecting predominantly the hands, knees, and spine (13). The large range of KS values reflects the heterogeneity of OA, even within this relatively homogeneous group, and underscores the need to study large cohorts of patients for this type of analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Levels of Keratan Sulfate in the Serum and Synovial Fluid of Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee

Campion

McCrae

Schnitzer

et al. 1991

Arthritis & Rheumatism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We examined the relationship between serum and synovial fluid (SF) levels of antigenic keratan sulfate (KS) and the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic features of disease in 125 well-characterized patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). KS was quantified by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, using an antibody specific for a highly sulfated epitope on KS chains; the results were calculated as equivalents of an international standard of KS from human costal cartilage. The mean level of serum KS (393 ng/ml) was significantly higher than those previously reported for populations of adults without OA. There was a wide scatter of serum KS values (range 156-912 ng/ml), with little correlation with clinical or radiologic features. Men had significantly higher levels than women (456 f 135 ng/ml versus 368 f 110 ng/ml, mean f SD), and there was a statistically significant but weak association with indicators of polyarticular involvement (number of symptomatic joints, Heberden's nodes, hip symptoms) in women. Despite the wide scatter of results in the population as a whole, individual levels of KS were stable for up to 4 consecutive years in the 9 patients studied.Levels of KS were much higher in SF (n = 25) than in serum, but the two were not correlated. There was an inverse correlation between radiographic evidence of cartilage loss and the level of KS in SF. The large variations in serum KS values suggest that this measure may not be of diagnostic significance among populations of patients. However, the stability of serum levels with time and the relationship between cartilage mass and SF levels may be useful for monitoring the individual patient's response to therapy, both systemically (serum KS) and in single joints (SF KS).The articular cartilage matrix consists of chondrocytes embedded in an abundant extracellular supportive matrix rich in collagens and proteoglycans (PGs). Cartilage PGs are synthesized as monomers that consist of a core protein to which are covalently attached chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate (KS) chains as well as O-linked and N-linked oligosaccharides (1). These interact extracellularly with hyaluronate and link proteins to form aggregates of very large size. The highly negatively charged PGs occupy large hydrated domains, but the extent to which they can swell is limited by a network of several types of collagen in which the PGs are entrapped (2). This arrangement of PGs, which can change shape, within an insoluble network of fibers gives cartilage its ability to undergo reversible deformation.Most PG fragments generated during normal (7). Accelerated degradation of cartilage PGs is one of the hallmarks of osteoarthritis (OA) (8). Depletion of PGs in the matrix of affected cartilage leads to the degeneration of the tissue. Management of the condition is hampered by inadequate methods of monitoring disease activity and progression. Several studies have shown that levels of serum KS are elevated in a significant proportion of patients with OA (3,941). Sweet et a1 (10) found that levels of...

show abstract

“…Polyarticular hand OA has been suggested as a marker for generalized primary OA and shows marked heritability (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Further studies on the association between hand OA and OA of the knee following meniscectomy might thus provide valuable information.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of radiographic hand osteoarthritis with radiographic knee osteoarthritis after meniscectomy

Englund¹,

Paradowski²,

Lohmander³

2004

Arthritis & Rheumatism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective. To evaluate the association between radiographic hand osteoarthritis (OA), a disease with marked heredity, and radiographic knee OA in patients treated with meniscectomy.Methods. We retrospectively identified 170 patients (mean age 54 years [range 33-87 years], 23% women) who had undergone isolated meniscectomy an average of 20 years earlier (range 17-22 years). Patients with cruciate ligament injury were excluded. All subjects were examined by standardized knee and hand radiography. Individual joints were considered to have OA when displaying radiographic features corresponding to a Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) grade >2. Hand OA was considered present if at least 1 of the following criteria was fulfilled: the presence of radiographic OA (K/L grade >2) in at least 1 interphalangeal joint in each hand symmetrically, or in at least 2 distal or proximal interphalangeal joints in the same hand in a pattern consistent with primary OA (in the same row or ray), or in the first carpometacarpal joint bilaterally. The association between radiographic hand OA and radiographic knee OA was evaluated using logistic regression.Results. Radiographic hand OA was present in 57 patients (34%) and radiographic knee OA was identified in 105 patients (62%), within 94 index knees (55%) and 47 contralateral knees (28%). In a multivariate model, radiographic hand OA was associated with an increased likelihood of radiographic OA in the index knee (odds ratio [OR] 3.0, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.2-7.5) and in the nonoperated contralateral knee (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.0-12.2).Conclusion. The presence of radiographic hand OA is associated with an increased frequency of radiographic knee OA after meniscectomy. This finding confirms and extends that of a single previous study showing an interaction between hereditary and environmental risk factors for OA, a common and genetically complex disease. Accordingly, the development of OA following a meniscal tear and the resulting meniscal surgery should not be regarded to be of secondary origin only.

show abstract

Generalized Osteoarthritis and Heberden's Nodes

Cited by 412 publications

References 3 publications

Histopathological Changes in Knee Joint Components after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Histopathological Changes in Knee Joint Components after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Levels of Keratan Sulfate in the Serum and Synovial Fluid of Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee

Association of radiographic hand osteoarthritis with radiographic knee osteoarthritis after meniscectomy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About