Generalized Pliance in Relation to Contingency Insensitivity and Mindfulness

O’Connor, Martin; Byrne, Patricia F. S.; Ruiz, Francisco J.; McHugh, Louise

doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1046-5

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The first step in this direction was to develop measures of generalized pliance (the GPQ and GPQ-C), which have shown good psychometric properties and criterion validity. Importantly, scores on these instruments have shown strong positive correlations with contingency-shifting tasks such as the WCST [33]. However, to our knowledge, there was no self-report dedicated to measuring the skill on deriving and following tracks, which we have suggested to call generalized tracking.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 93%

“…The link between generalized pliance and insensitivity to contingencies has been tested recently thanks to the development of the Generalized Pliance Questionnaire and the Generalized Pliance Questionnaire-Children [31,32]. The GPQ has shown strong correlations with the performance on contingency-shifting tasks [33] such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task [34,35] and the Iowa Gambling Task [36,37]. Generalized pliance has also been associated with psychopathology because it increases the likelihood of the individual losing contact with relevant sources of positive reinforcement due to the insensitivity to contingencies effect [5,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and initial validation of the Generalized Tracking Questionnaire

et al. 2020

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The concept of rule-governed behavior (RGB) has been used in the behavior-analytic literature as a way to analyze complex human behavior, including thinking and problem-solving. Relational frame theory suggests the existence of two main functional types of RGB termed pliance and tracking. In this paper, we describe the development of the Generalized Tracking Questionnaire (GTQ) and the preliminary evaluation of its psychometric properties and validity through three studies, with a total of 1155 participants. In Study 1, a pool of items describing the main characteristics of generalized tracking was designed and evaluated by experts on the RFT account of RGB. The resulting 11 items were administered to 460 undergraduates to examine the understandability and psychometric quality of the items. The exploratory factor analysis indicated that the GTQ can be seen as a unidimensional scale, with all items exhibiting high factor loadings and corrected item-total correlations. In Study 2, the GTQ was administered online to a sample of 464 non-clinical participants and a clinical sample of 125 participants. The one-factor model of the GTQ obtained a good fit in the conducted confirmatory factor analysis. The GTQ showed measurement invariance across gender and clinical and nonclinical participants. It also obtained excellent internal consistency and correlated in theoretically coherent ways with other constructs. In Study 3, the GTQ and a neuropsychological battery of executive functions were administered to 105 participants. The GTQ showed statistically significant, medium-size correlations with working memory tests, verbal fluency, planning, and behavioral inhibition. In conclusion, the GTQ seems to be a promising measure to advance in the empirical analysis of functional classes of RGB.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and initial validation of the Generalized Tracking Questionnaire

et al. 2020

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“…So, more localized targeted PH messaging which are sensitive to the contextualized knowledge of local populations may improve adherence to a PH message as they become more coherent with local knowledge. Some further interesting work has specifically explored modifying reward and punishment contingencies, and specifically how predictive change is dependent on the levels of mindfulness the participants have (O'Connor et al, 2019). Here, in contingency shifting phases, responses which were previously reinforced were no longer reinforced and responses which were not previously reinforced were now reinforced.…”

Section: A Contextual Extension To the Behavioral Analytical Perspective Of Biased Decisionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ensuring Effective Public Health Communication: Insights and Modeling Efforts From Theories of Behavioral Economics, Heuristics, and Behavioral Analysis for Decision Making Under Risk

Edwards

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Public health (PH) messaging can have an enormous impact on shaping how individuals within society behave, and can ensure it is in a safe and responsible way, consistent with up-to-date evidence-based PH guidelines. If done effectively, messaging can save lives and improve the health of those within society. However, unfortunately, those within Government PH bodies typically have little training about how to effectively represent PH messages in a way that is consistent with psychological theories of cognitive bias, in order to avoid cognitively biasing the public through their messages. As a result of this, inadequate representation of PH messages can result, which can often lead to cognitive bias in those from the public who read or listen to the message information. This can lead to poor decision making of the pubic as a whole, which can then further lead to harm and even death of public members as a result of these poor decisions. One way to minimize the problem of bias in decision making is to explore psychology theories that model how bias can occur from PH messaging, and identify ways in which PH agencies can utilize such approaches to improve the effectiveness of their messages. Previous focus has been largely on behavioral economic theories, however, here, other accounts are offered in addition to these. These include theories of heuristics and theories from the behavior analysis domain, which may increase the predictive power of modeling bias, and have applications for how best to represent PH message information which minimize bias.

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“…Within the RFT literature, there is tentative support for the influence of rule plausibility on rule-following. Consider experimental work on pliance and tracking involving contingency insensitivity (e.g., O’Connor, Byrne, Ruiz, & McHugh, 2019 ). During these experiments, reward and punishment contingencies are systematically modified (i.e., responses that were previously reinforced are no longer reinforced, while responses that were previously not reinforced are now reinforced).…”

Section: Why Rules May Be Understood But Not Followedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choosing not to follow rules that will reduce the spread of COVID-19

Stapleton

2020

Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science

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In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many authorities have implemented public health measures that place restrictions on individuals. Understanding how individuals respond to these new rules, particularly whether they are likely to follow or break them, is extremely important. Relational frame theory offers unique insights into rule-governed behavior, allowing researchers to develop functional-analytic interpretations of why a listener may understand a rule, have the required response established in their behavioral repertoire, and still choose not to follow the rule. Drawing from research on rule-following in accordance with relational frame theory and cognitive neuroscience, social psychology, and health literature, this paper presents reasons why a rule may be understood but not followed, identifying important considerations for implementing public health measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19. Specifically, rule-givers should attend to their credibility, authority and ability to mediate consequences, rule plausibility, establishing adequate motivative augmental control, whether the behavior specified in the rule opposes habits, and whether the message incites counterpliance.

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Generalized Pliance in Relation to Contingency Insensitivity and Mindfulness

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

Development and initial validation of the Generalized Tracking Questionnaire

Development and initial validation of the Generalized Tracking Questionnaire

Ensuring Effective Public Health Communication: Insights and Modeling Efforts From Theories of Behavioral Economics, Heuristics, and Behavioral Analysis for Decision Making Under Risk

Choosing not to follow rules that will reduce the spread of COVID-19

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