Generalized railway tank car safety design optimization for hazardous materials transport: Addressing the trade-off between transportation efficiency and safety

Saat, Mohd Rapik; Barkan, Christopher P. L.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.136

Cited by 36 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Reduction of tank car release probability. Studies have found that the use of a more robust tank car design can reduce tank car release probability, reducing hazmat transportation risk (6)(7)(8). In addition, reducing train speed can mitigate the accident impact on the tank car, decreasing the probability of release (18).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Comparison of Transporting Hazardous Materials in Unit Trains versus Mixed Trains

Liu

2017

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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This research developed an integrated, generalized risk analysis methodology for comparing hazardous materials transportation risk in unit trains versus mixed trains for the same amount of traffic demand. The risk methodology accounted for FRA track class, method of operation, annual traffic density, train length, speed, point of derailment, the number and placement of tank cars in a train, tank car placement, tank car safety design, and population density along the rail line. With these inputs, the methodology estimates train derailment rate, the probability of tank car derailment and release, and release consequence by train configuration. The analysis showed that tank car positions could affect the risk comparison between unit trains and mixed trains in transporting hazardous materials. In particular, if all tank cars were in positions that were least prone to derailment, distributing tank cars to many unit trains could reduce the overall risk. Otherwise, consolidating tank cars into unit trains could lead to a lower risk. The methodology has been implemented in a computer-aided decision support tool that automatically calculates the risk values for various track, rolling stock, and operational characteristics.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Comparison of Transporting Hazardous Materials in Unit Trains versus Mixed Trains

Liu

2017

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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“…These studies unequivocally proved that the cause of excessive deformations was the insufficient soil compaction, or the use of inappropriate type of material for the backfill. According to [6][7][8], if deformations are within 15-20 % and height of the layer above the pipe is larger than 1.8 m, then the structure does not require additional measures for its strengthening.…”

Section: Research and Analysis Of The Stressed-strained State Of Metamentioning

confidence: 99%

Research and analysis of the stressed-strained state of metal corrugated structures of railroad tracks

Kovalchuk

Luchko

Bondarenko³

et al. 2016

EEJET

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4 Literature review and problem statementWorld practice of designing and operation of metal corrugated structures demonstrates that a decisive influence on the stressed-strained state of MCS is exerted by the degree of compaction of soil backfill [1][2][3]. Recommended compaction should reach the degree of 0.95-0.97. However, paper [1] indicated that the reduction of soil compaction even from 0.95 to 0.8 leads to the reduction of soil deformation module by 4 times, which, in turn, is the cause of significant growth of stresses and strains in the walls of the structure.Conducting a long-term monitoring of more than 900 objects from corrugated pipes, constructed from 1951 to 1965 in the state of Ohio (USA) [4,5] made it possible to draw the following conclusion: in all cases, for the designs that did not experience destruction, large deformations accounted for 22-34 %; for the structures that suffered damage, such 4

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“…The conditional probability of release (CPR) of a derailed tank car measures tank car safety performance. The CPR for a specific tank car depends on tank car design features (18,19), derailment speed (20), and derailment severity (21).…”

Section: Number Of Tank Cars Releasing Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk analysis models are often used to evaluate and compare risk mitigation strategies. The literature has largely focused on an individual risk reduction option, including infrastructure upgrade (12), rolling stock condition improvement (28), speed reduction (20), tank car safety design enhancement (19), routing (27), placement of tank cars in a train (14,16,17,29), and emergency response (26). There is little research regarding the optimal integration of multiple risk reduction strategies, except in work by Lai et al, which is based on a simplified car-specific risk model (30).…”

Section: Risk Modeling Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Analysis of Transporting Crude Oil by Rail: Methodology and Decision Support System

Liu

2016

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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In 2014, there were around 500,000 carloads of petroleum crude oil on the U.S. railroad network, an 80-fold increase since 2005. A spate of crude oil release incidents has attracted national attention to railroad transportation safety. A practical probabilistic risk analysis model to estimate the in-transit risk of transporting crude oil by rail in unit trains on main lines is described. The goal of the research for the model was to provide methods and tools for optimal safety risk management of rail transport of crude oil and other hazardous materials. The model accounts for track segment specific characteristics, including segment length, FRA track class, method of operation, and annual traffic density; train-specific characteristics such as train length, train speed, and tank car safety design; and population density along each segment. The risk model estimates segment-specific risk that is measured by the expected number of affected persons. Also, the model estimates the average interval between release incidents. The model is implemented into a decision support tool that automates risk calculation, interpretation, and visualization. The methodology and implementation tool developed can be adapted to specific train configurations on any given railroad network.

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Generalized railway tank car safety design optimization for hazardous materials transport: Addressing the trade-off between transportation efficiency and safety

Cited by 36 publications

References 9 publications

Risk Comparison of Transporting Hazardous Materials in Unit Trains versus Mixed Trains

Risk Comparison of Transporting Hazardous Materials in Unit Trains versus Mixed Trains

Research and analysis of the stressed-strained state of metal corrugated structures of railroad tracks

Risk Analysis of Transporting Crude Oil by Rail: Methodology and Decision Support System

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