Are Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (E.V.) and disseminated flat warts different diseases? Are there any diagnostic criteria between them? In order to attempt answering these 2 questions, fundamental for prognosis and nosology, a comparative ultrastructural study was made of epidermal clear cells of 2 cases of E.V. and 4 flat warts from 4 patients of whom 3 were under immunosuppression drugs. The reason of cytoplasmic electron translucency was mainly a reduction in tonofilaments and keratohyalin amounts in E.V. and a centrifugal edema and vacuolization in flat warts. On the other hand, the number of ribosomes was raised in E.V. and reduced in flat warts. These findings allow differentiation between the 2 diseases and suggest a possible different host-virus relationship.