Generalized warts and immune deficiency

Reid, T. M. S.; Fraser, Neil; Kernohan, I R

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb00870.x

Cited by 56 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For instance, because carcinomas develop on sun-exposed areas of the skin, it has been postulated that ultraviolet light is in part responsible for the transition from papillomas to carcinomas (14). Moreover, many patients exhibit defective cell-mediated immunity (13,15,16), which may play a role in their disposition to viral infection and susceptibility to carcinoma.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This was accomplished by treating the cleaved vector DNA with bacterial alkaline phosphatase for 30 min at 650C, followed by extraction with phenol and ether. Cleaved HPV-5 DNA and plasmid DNA were then mixed and treated with 0.25 unit of phage T4 ligase (Bethesda Research Laboratories) in 66 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.6/7.5 mM MgCl2/0.4 mM ATP/10 mM dithiothreitol at 4°C for 16 hr. Ligated DNA was used to transform Escherichia coli K-12 LE392 (19).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Human papillomavirus DNA in cutaneous primary and metastasized squamous cell carcinomas from patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis.

Ostrow¹,

Bender²,

Niimura³

et al. 1982

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

178

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DNA extracted from squamous cell carcinomas from patients with the chronic wart disease syndrome, epidermodysplasia verruciformis, was analyzed for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-specific DNA sequences by Southern blot hybridization analysis. Employing an HPV probe obtained by molecular cloning of viral DNA purified from benign warts from these patients, we have unequivocally identified HPV-specific nucleotide sequences in squamous cell carcinomas from these patients. Restriction endonuclease mapping indicated that the DNA present in the carcinomas was of the same type (type 5) as that found in the benign tumors from these patients and was present as unintegrated, free viral DNA. Moreover, we have demonstrated the presence of HPV-5 DNA in a subcutaneous metastatic tumor from one of these patients. This latter observation essentially eliminates the possibility that the HPV-5 DNA present in the malignant tumors in these patients resulted from cross-contamination from an adjacent benign warty lesion. In addition to wildtype HPV-5 DNA, both the primary and metastatic carcinomas analyzed also contained an HPV-5 DNA species lacking approximately 20% of the HPV-5 DNA genome. These subgenomic forms of HPV-5 DNA could not be detected in benign papillomas from these patients.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Human papillomavirus DNA in cutaneous primary and metastasized squamous cell carcinomas from patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis.

Ostrow¹,

Bender²,

Niimura³

et al. 1982

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

178

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“…Verrucae have been reported with cyclic neutropenia [Gaspari et al, 1997] and with various genetic immune deficiencies [Barnett et al, 1983;Reid et al, 1976;Shovlin et al, 1994]. Reid et al [1976] described this association in a pa-tient with immunoglobulinemia. T cells were reduced and there was poor mitogenic response but neutropenia was not observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

WHIM syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder: Clinical, hematological, and molecular studies

et al. 2000

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The acronym WHIM refers to Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Infections, and Myelokathexis. The latter refers to the retention of white cells in the marrow, which becomes hypercellular. We have found approximately 20 examples of WHIM syndrome in the literature under various designations; the first examples are Zuelzer [1964] and Krill et al. [1964]. Chronic noncyclic neutropenia and hypercellular bone marrow represent defective release of marrow cells into the peripheral stream (myelokathexis). The hypermature neutrophils are bizarre in form. Condensed nuclei connected by long, stringy filaments and vacuolated cytoplasm suggest apoptosis. Fever or other stress increases the release of neutrophils. Hypogammaglobulinemia is marked and associated with recurrent upper respiratory infections (sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, pneumonia). Patients have numerous warts, some venereal, with resultant cervical and vulval premalignant dysplasia. We report on a kindred of 6 affected individuals in 3 generations with autosomal dominant WHIM syndrome. The sex ratio among reported patients and in our kindred is 17 female to 8 male. Because there had been no male-to-male transmssion, search of the entire X-chromosome including the pseudoautosomal area was carried out and no linkage was found. Recently, the propositus has had an unaffected daughter, confirming our finding that the gene is not X-linked. A genome-wide search is being carried out.

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“…It has been known for some time that HPV lesions (warts and EV) are common in patients with impaired immunity, either primary immunodefi ciency or a secondary one due to organ transplantation for example [3,6,9,16,22,24,26], thus suggesting immunological mechanisms to play a crucial role in wart rejection [1,2, 1 1, 13, 17, 18,21,32-34], Indeed, both humoral (specific antibodies) [18,21,23,27,36] and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) [2,5,6,10,11,14,15,17,18,20,21,34,36,37] have been disclosed against the different types of HPV lesions. According to current understand ing, the impairment of CMI seems to be the main factor of predisposal for the development of HPV infection, the susceptibility with particular HPV type being related to the magnitude of the CMI defect [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocompetent Cells in Uterine Cervical Lesions of Human Papillomavirus Origin

Syrjänen¹

1983

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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To elucidate the local immunological reactions operative in the human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced lesions of the uterine cervix, a total of 150 cervical biopsies containing a dysplastic or a neoplastic change with (CO, 97 cases) or without (NCO, 53 cases) a coexistent HPV lesion (a flat, an inverted or a papillomatous condyloma) were subjected to ANAE (acid Α-naphthyl acetate esterase) staining of the immunocompetent cells; B and T lymphocytes, mononuclear phagocytes (MPS cells). In addition, HPV antigens were demonstrated by an indirect immunoperoxidase-PAP method. Age of the patients did not influence the proportions of B, T and MPS cells. Degree of epithelial atypia was inversely related to proportion of B cells in NCO but not in CO series, and directly related to proportions of T cells in CO series, the latter T cell increase being most probably ascribable to the appearance of suppressor T cells. Unlike in the different types of skin warts (caused by divergent HPV types), the type of the cervical condyloma did not affect the proportions of B, T and MPS cells, suggesting a common HPV type as a causative agent of the latter. MPS and T cells were more numerous in HPV-positive condylomas than in HPV-negative ones, supporting the concept that cell-mediated immune mechanisms recognize the surface antigens of the virus-transformed cells coded by the viral genome in the host cell nuclei (HPV+). The findings are discussed in terms of the immune mechanisms involved in rejection of HPV lesions in general, and those of the uterine cervix especially. The full significance of these mechanisms can only be understood when adequate follow-up data of the lesions are at hand.

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Generalized warts and immune deficiency

Cited by 56 publications

References 20 publications

Human papillomavirus DNA in cutaneous primary and metastasized squamous cell carcinomas from patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis.

Human papillomavirus DNA in cutaneous primary and metastasized squamous cell carcinomas from patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis.

WHIM syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder: Clinical, hematological, and molecular studies

Immunocompetent Cells in Uterine Cervical Lesions of Human Papillomavirus Origin

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