Generalizing parametric models by introducing trial-by-trial parameter variability: The case of TVA

Dyrholm, Mads; Kyllingsbæk, Søren; Espeseth, Thomas; Bundesen, Claus

doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2011.08.005

Cited by 110 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The six-target whole-report trials were presented for 10, 20, 50, 80, 140, and 200 ms. The two-target whole-report trials and the partialreport trials were presented for 80 ms. TVA modelling procedures (Dyrholm, Kyllingsbaek, Espeseth & Bundesen, 2011;Kyllingsbaek, 2006) were applied to estimate the following parameters for each participant:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained attention, attentional selectivity, and attentional capacity across the lifespan

McAvinue

Habekost

Johnson

et al. 2012

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Changes in sustained attention, attentional selectivity, and attentional capacity were examined in a sample of 113 participants between the ages of 12 and 75. To measure sustained attention, we employed the sustained-attention-to-response task (Robertson, Manly, Andrade, Baddeley, & Yiend, Neuropsychologia 35:747-58, 1997), a short continuousperformance test designed to capture fluctuations in sustained attention. To measure attentional selectivity and capacity, we employed a paradigm based on the theory of visual attention (Bundesen, Psychological Review 97:523-547, 1990), which enabled the estimation of parameters related to attentional selection, perceptual threshold, visual short-term memory capacity, and processing capacity. We found evidence of agerelated decline in each of the measured variables, but the declines varied markedly in terms of magnitude and lifespan trajectory. Variables relating to attentional capacity showed declines of very large effect sizes, while variables relating to attentional selectivity and sustained attention showed declines of medium to large effect sizes, suggesting that attentional control is relatively preserved in older adults. The variables relating to sustained attention followed a U-shaped, curvilinear trend, and the variables relating to attentional selectivity and capacity showed linear decline from early adulthood, providing further support for the differentiation of attentional functions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained attention, attentional selectivity, and attentional capacity across the lifespan

McAvinue

Habekost

Johnson

et al. 2012

Atten Percept Psychophys

Self Cite

172

146

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“…The individual performance of each subject (i.e., the number of correctly reported letters in each trial) was used for computing the TVA parameters. Using a trial-by-trial maximum likelihood fitting procedure (LIBTVA) (Kyllingsbaek, 2006;Dyrholm et al, 2011), mean values for the TVA parameters K, t0, w, ␣, and C were obtained. Attentional weights of targets and distractors w, as well as top-down control ␣ values were computed for all four display positions.…”

Section: Design and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LIBTVA uses a maximum likelihood fitting procedure to fit this exponential curve to find t0: the value between the largest exposure duration a subject does not report anything and the shortest exposure where the subject reports for the first time. This estimation of t0 provides a closer fit to each subject's actual t0 than assuming t0 to be zero, and consequently results in more precise fits (Dyrholm et al, 2011).…”

Section: Design and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Top-Down Control of Visual Attention by Cathodal tDCS over Right IPS

et al. 2012

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The right intraparietal sulcus (rIPS) is a key region for the endogenous control of selective visual attention in the human brain. Previous studies suggest that the rIPS is especially involved in top-down control and spatial distribution of attention across both visual hemifields. We further explored these attentional functions using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the rIPS to modulate behavioral performance in a partial report task. Performance was analyzed according to the theory of visual attention (TVA) (Bundesen, 1990), which provides a computational framework to investigate different parameters of visuo-attentional processing such as top-down control, attentional weighting, capacity of visual short term memory, and processing speed. We investigated the effects of different tDCS current strengths (1 mA and 2 mA) in two experiments: 1 mA tDCS (anodal, cathodal, sham) did not affect any of the TVA parameters, but cathodal 2 mA stimulation significantly enhanced top-down control as evidenced by a reduction of the ␣ parameter of TVA, regardless of hemifield. This differential impact on the top-down control component of attentional processing suggests that the horizontal rIPS is mainly involved in attentional selection as none of the spatial or resource variables of TVA were altered. Furthermore, the data add evidence to previous work highlighting (1) the importance of using appropriate current strength in stimulation protocols, and (2) that the often reported inhibitory effect of cathodal stimulation in e.g., motor tasks might not extend to cognitive paradigms.

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“…However, if the exposure duration of an object is longer than t 0 , the processing time of the object is assumed to be exponentially distributed, resulting in an exponential increase in the probability of encoding the object into VSTM as a function of exposure duration. Recently, Dyrholm, Kyllingsbaek, Espeseth, and Bundesen (2011) have provided evidence suggesting that some variation in t 0 across trials must be incorporated into TVA. This may be achieved by assuming that t 0 is approximately normally distributed with mean μ 0 and standard deviation σ 0 .…”

Section: A Theory Of Visual Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring and modeling attentional dwell time

2012

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Attentional dwell time (AD) defines our inability to perceive spatially separate events when they occur in rapid succession. In the standard AD paradigm, subjects should identify two target stimuli presented briefly at different peripheral locations with a varied stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). The AD effect is seen as a long-lasting impediment in reporting the second target, culminating at SOAs of 200-500 ms. Here, we present the first quantitative computational model of the effect-a theory of temporal visual attention. The model is based on the neural theory of visual attention (Bundesen, Habekost, & Kyllingsbaek, Psychological Review, 112, 291-328 2005) and introduces the novel assumption that a stimulus retained in visual shortterm memory takes up visual processing-resources used to encode stimuli into memory. Resources are thus locked and cannot process subsequent stimuli until the stimulus in memory has been recoded, which explains the long-lasting AD effect. The model is used to explain results from two experiments providing detailed individual data from both a standard AD paradigm and an extension with varied exposure duration of the target stimuli. Finally, we discuss new predictions by the model.

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Generalizing parametric models by introducing trial-by-trial parameter variability: The case of TVA

Cited by 110 publications

References 40 publications

Sustained attention, attentional selectivity, and attentional capacity across the lifespan

Sustained attention, attentional selectivity, and attentional capacity across the lifespan

Modulation of Top-Down Control of Visual Attention by Cathodal tDCS over Right IPS

Measuring and modeling attentional dwell time

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