“…However, to manage various types of knowledge, a systematic knowledge engineering approach that includes knowledge analysis, knowledge formalization, and knowledge reasoning is desirable. Many researchers have attempted to address KM activities from various perspectives, including a design perspective [13], an information technology perspective [38,47], a management perspective [20,32], an artificial intelligence (AI) perspective [28,39], and an ontology perspective [5,10,29,30,43]. These studies have pointed out several major problems that KM activities may encounter.…”