Generating metainferences in mixed methods research: A worked example in convergent mixed methods designs

Younas, Ahtisham; Fàbregues, Sergi; Creswell, John W.

doi:10.1177/20597991231188121

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…We collected interviews from caregivers of diferent ages to achieve integration and to have diferent points of view about the same phenomenon. Tick description of qualitative data was provided in accordance using contextualized and relational narrative [44]. Furthermore, data were collected in three diferent countries in Europe, with diferent attitudes, beliefs, and policies regarding family caregiving.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Social Support and Associated Factors among Caregivers of Individuals with Heart Failure: A Convergent Mixed Methods Study

Younas,

Di Nitto,

Cuoco

et al. 2023

Health & Social Care in the Community

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Background. Caregivers are crucial in ensuring that their relatives with heart failure (HF) reach proper self-care levels. Despite this, the demanding nature of caring for others can lead to poor outcomes and the compromise of own needs, which raises the need for perceived social support. Prior research does not offer a thorough knowledge of how caregivers of people with HF regarded social support and the characteristics that went along with it. Purpose. The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive understanding of perceived social support and its associated factors among caregivers of individuals with heart failure. Methods. This is a secondary analysis of a convergent mixed-methods design study. The perception of social support, mutuality, anxiety, depression, and quality of life were assessed in 158 heart failure patients and their caregivers (physical and mental dimensions). In 50 caregivers, we also performed semistructured interviews. Results. The mixed analysis and integration of qualitative and quantitative inferences revealed two main factors affecting perceived social support. First, caregivers with strong familial network and greater number of caregivers available for tangible caregiving support and moral support perceived increased sense of social support. Second, caregivers with enhanced mental health had increased sense of social support. Conclusions. Caregiver perception of social support might be influenced by mental well-being status. To improve caregivers’ perceptions of social support and community belonging, it is necessary to create and assess community- and individual-based mental health promotion interventions. To strengthen the perception of support in the heart failure caring process, more dyadic strategies should be established to improve patient-caregiver mutuality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Social Support and Associated Factors among Caregivers of Individuals with Heart Failure: A Convergent Mixed Methods Study

Younas,

Di Nitto,

Cuoco

et al. 2023

Health & Social Care in the Community

Self Cite

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“…We then generated metainferences in the form of narrative statements, framed by our assumptions and worldviews as stated above. 18…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nowhere to Go: A parallel convergent mixed methods study examining the health of people who experience emergency shelter service restrictions

Bansal,

Pelino,

Pierre

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Emergency shelters offer temporary sleeping accommodation to people deprived of housing and connect them to services. Service restriction is the practice of limiting or denying someone access to emergency shelters. This parallel convergent mixed methods study describes the characteristics, healthcare utilization, and morbidity of people experiencing service restrictions in Hamilton, Ontario, and explores the relationship between health and service restriction. Methods: We recruited 20 people who had experienced service restriction and accessed healthcare from the Shelter Health Network clinic. We conducted semi-structured interviews and performed reflexive thematic analysis. We reviewed participants' medical records from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021 to calculate simple descriptive statistics. Mixing our qualitative and quantitative results, we generated narrative metainferences. We employed community-based research principles, including a research team with lived and living experiences of being service restricted, implementing service restrictions, or providing care to people experiencing service restrictions. Results: We generated six themes: 1) Losing your home shouldn't mean losing your humanity, 2) Where am I supposed to go?, 3) The snakes and ladders of service restrictions, 4) Abandoned to survive, 5) Constantly criminalized, 6) Harnessing the wisdom of community. Participants averaged 17.4 primary care visits, 11 emergency department visits, and 4 hospital admissions over 4 years. The most common reasons for visit were infections, traumatic injuries, and substance use-related concerns. Narrative metainferences highlighted how people experience dehumanization when accessing shelters or healthcare; how service restrictions and encampment living contribute to infections; the lack of practical supports for people using substances in shelters; the ubiquitous criminalization of people experiencing homelessness; and the care people practice for one another to reduce substance-related harms. Conclusions: Participants' high healthcare need and utilization was shaped by criminalization, stigma, societal abandonment, and abstinence-based substance use policies. Participants practiced care for themselves and others to navigate these barriers. Shelters should have a transparent service restriction process and employ harm reduction practices. Healthcare should provide affirming and accessible treatment for common conditions. Social and health services must contend with broader social forces while building on the strengths of people with lived experience to improve the health of people who are service restricted.

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A process for conducting mixed methods data analysis

Creswell,

Inoue

2024

J of Gen and Family Med

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The process of mixed methods data analysis has long been understudied and needs clear guidance for researchers. This review article honors Michael D. Fetters' pioneering work on mixed methods data analysis, building on his concepts of integration, joint displays, and metainferences. This review summarizes existing mixed methods data analysis discussions and proposes advanced steps for the analysis process. Our approach involves identifying a research problem, collecting diverse data, selecting a mixed methods design, integrating the data within the design, using joint displays for analysis, and drawing metainferences. We illustrate our methods with a Japanese empirical research study from family medicine. This article contributes to the field of mixed methods research by detailing a practical process approach to mixed methods analysis combining recent procedures in the field of mixed methods research.

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Generating metainferences in mixed methods research: A worked example in convergent mixed methods designs

Cited by 8 publications

References 55 publications

Perceived Social Support and Associated Factors among Caregivers of Individuals with Heart Failure: A Convergent Mixed Methods Study

Perceived Social Support and Associated Factors among Caregivers of Individuals with Heart Failure: A Convergent Mixed Methods Study

Nowhere to Go: A parallel convergent mixed methods study examining the health of people who experience emergency shelter service restrictions

A process for conducting mixed methods data analysis

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