Generating semi-metallic conductivity in polymers by laser-driven nanostructural reorganization

Yun, Changhun; Han, Joo Won; Kim, Soyeon; Lim, Dong Chan; Jung, Hyun-Su; Lee, Seung-Hoon; Jang, Jae Won; Yoo, Seunghyup; Leo, Karl; Kim, Yong Hyun

doi:10.1039/c9mh00959k

Cited by 25 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The incorporation of a photo–cross-linkable monomer has been tried, but a nonconductive monomer could reduce the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS hydrogel ( 4 , 20 ). Supplying infrared photons to selectively remove PSS shell for conductivity enhancement has been introduced ( 21 ); however, it could not induce physical aggregation of PEDOT-rich domain, which cannot assure aqueous stability in physiological environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital selective transformation and patterning of highly conductive hydrogel bioelectronics by laser-induced phase separation

et al. 2022

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The patterning of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hydrogels with excellent electrical property and spatial resolution is a challenge for bioelectronic applications. However, most PEDOT:PSS hydrogels are fabricated by conventional manufacturing processes such as photolithography, inkjet printing, and screen printing with complex fabrication steps or low spatial resolution. Moreover, the additives used for fabricating PEDOT:PSS hydrogels are mostly cytotoxic, thus requiring days of detoxification. Here, we developed a previously unexplored ultrafast and biocompatible digital patterning process for PEDOT:PSS hydrogel via phase separation induced by a laser. We enhanced the electrical properties and aqueous stability of PEDOT:PSS by selective laser scanning, which allowed the transformation of PEDOT:PSS into water-stable hydrogels. PEDOT:PSS hydrogels showed high electrical conductivity of 670 S/cm with 6-μm resolution in water. Furthermore, electrochemical properties were maintained even after 6 months in a physiological environment. We further demonstrated stable neural signal recording and stimulation with hydrogel electrodes fabricated by laser.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital selective transformation and patterning of highly conductive hydrogel bioelectronics by laser-induced phase separation

et al. 2022

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“…Conventional microfabrication techniques involve patterning and etching processes using expensive and hazardous chemicals and are time-consuming and mask-dependent, whereas the laser cutting technique provides an immediate and facile solution to these issues. The laser ablation technique allows mask-free, facile, rapid, scalable, and inexpensive patterning of materials. − The laser cutting fabrication process for the sensor is illustrated in Figure , and the traces formed during laser ablation are shown in Video S1 (plays at a speed of 3×). The sensor cutting was accomplished in a few minutes and depended on the sensor design.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatible, Transparent, and High-Areal-Coverage Kirigami PEDOT:PSS Electrodes for Electrooculography-Derived Human–Machine Interactions

et al. 2021

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Electronic skin sensors prepared from biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric materials significantly benefit the research and scientific community, as they can reduce the amount of effort required for e-waste management by deteriorating or dissolving into the environment without pollution. Herein, we report the use of polylactic acid (PLA)a promising plant-based bioplasticand highly transparent, conductive, biocompatible, and flexible poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) materials to fabricate kirigami-based stretchable on-skin electrophysiological sensors via a low-cost and rapid laser cutting technique. The sensor stack with PEDOT:PSS and PLA layers exhibited high transparency (>85%) in the wavelength range of 400–700 nm and stay attached conformally to the skin for several hours without adverse effects. The Y-shaped kirigami motifs inspired by the microcracked gold film endowed the sensor with attributes such as high areal coverage (∼85%), breathability (∼40 g m–2 h–1), and multidirectional stretchability. The sensor has been successfully applied to monitor electrophysiological signals and demonstrated with an eye movement-supported communication interface for controlling home electronic appliances.

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“…Accordingly, the vast majority of Sn-PSCs reporting high PCEs have employed PEDOT:PSS as the HTL. , The PSS-doped p-type polymer, PEDOT:PSS, has been an all-time favorite organic conductor for a wide range of device applications from organic solar cells , to various other optoelectronics , since its discovery. − Because of its long history, several methods have been reported for the modification of PEDOT:PSS. Some of these include laser treatment, use of additives, , and phase separation, all of which increase the conductivity and mechanical properties for electrode use. PEDOT:PSS work function control is another critical factor to be considered, especially for use as a HTL .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36−38 Because of its long history, several methods have been reported for the modification of PEDOT:PSS. Some of these include laser treatment, 39 use of additives, 40,41 and phase separation, 42 all of which increase the conductivity and mechanical properties for electrode use. PEDOT:PSS work function control is another critical factor to be considered, especially for use as a HTL.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Facile and Effective Ozone Exposure Method for Wettability and Energy-Level Tuning of Hole-Transporting Layers in Lead-Free Tin Perovskite Solar Cells

Nam

Kim

Han

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted interest among scientists searching for eco-friendly energy harvesting devices. Herein, the effects of ozone exposure on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PE-DOT:PSS) in lead-free tin halide PSCs as a facile and low-cost process for improving device performance are analyzed. Two types of tin-based PSCs and one typical lead-based PSC were fabricated. The ozone exposure on PEDOT:PSS increases the short-circuit current density (J SC ) and the fill factor (FF) of PSCs in all cases with perovskite grain enlargement and hole-mobility enhancement of the devices, respectively. For open-circuit voltage (V OC ), the outcome depends on the band gap and the energy levels of the perovskite films. While ozone exposure treatment is favorable for PEA 0.15 FA 0.85 SnI 3 -based tin PSCs, V OC decreases with ozone exposure in the case of Ge:EDA 0.01 FA 0.98 SnI 3 -based tin PSCs because of a misalignment of the energy levels. Regardless, the efficiency of PEA 0.15 FA 0.85 SnI 3 -based tin PSCs increases from 8.7 to 10.1% when measured inside a glovebox upon ozone exposure of PEDOT:PSS. The efficiency of Ge:EDA 0.01 FA 0.98 SnI 3 -based tin PSCs increases from 6.8 to 8.1%, and the devices retain an efficiency of 5.0% even after 50 days in air.

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Generating semi-metallic conductivity in polymers by laser-driven nanostructural reorganization

Abstract: Laser treatment realizes highly conductive PEDOT:PSS transparent films (932 S cm−1), enabling selective doping and facile, fast patterning.

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

Digital selective transformation and patterning of highly conductive hydrogel bioelectronics by laser-induced phase separation

Digital selective transformation and patterning of highly conductive hydrogel bioelectronics by laser-induced phase separation

Biocompatible, Transparent, and High-Areal-Coverage Kirigami PEDOT:PSS Electrodes for Electrooculography-Derived Human–Machine Interactions

A Facile and Effective Ozone Exposure Method for Wettability and Energy-Level Tuning of Hole-Transporting Layers in Lead-Free Tin Perovskite Solar Cells

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