Generation and Application of Aryl Radicals Under Photoinduced Conditions

Abstract

Photoinduced aryl radical generation is a powerful strategy in organic synthesis that facilitates the formation of diverse carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bonds. The synthetic applications of photoinduced aryl radical formation in the synthesis of complex organic compounds, including natural products, physiologically significant molecules, and functional materials, have received immense attention. An overview of current developments in photoinduced aryl radical production methods and their uses in organic synthesis is given in this article. A generalized idea of how to choose the reagents and approach for the generation of aryl radicals is described, along with photoinduced techniques and associated mechanistic insights. Overall, this article offers a critical assessment of the mechanistic results as well as the selection of reaction parameters for specific reagents in the context of radical cascades, cross‐coupling reactions, aryl radical functionalization, and selective C‐H functionalization of aryl substrates.

Electroreduction strategy: a sustainable tool for the generation of aryl radicals

“…Aryl radicals prove to be versatile active intermediates, playing a significant role in synthetic chemistry, agricultural chemistry, materials science, and pharmaceutical discovery. 1 Since the advent of the Meerwein arylation reaction in the 1940s, 2 a considerable number of synthetic chemists have employed the conversions of aryl radicals as ideal supplements to transition-metal-catalyzed arylation reactions, which has yielded novel, promising alternatives for the introduction of aryl and heteroaryl moieties into molecular scaffolds. Various compounds, such as aryl halides, 3 aryl diazonium salts, 4 aryl carboxylic acids, 5 aryl triflates, 6 hypervalent iodine( iii ) reagents, 7 aryl borates, 8 and aryl sulfonium salts, 9 have been successfully used as aryl radical precursors.…”