Generation and distribution of income in Mexico, 1990-2015

Abstract

Purpose This paper aims to review the efficient use of economic and social resources to generate income and, at the same time, reduce the concentration of wealth in the 32 states of the Mexican Republic during the period 1990-2015. Design/methodology/approach Data envelopment analysis with the inclusion of a bad output was used to diagnose the efficiency of Mexican entities, and the Malmquist–Luenberger index was applied to understand how this efficiency evolves. Findings The results clearly show that only 3 of the 32 units studied generated and distributed wealth efficiently, while the other 29 must increase their level of income and its distribution. Originality/value According to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first work that performs a temporal analysis of the efficiency in the generation of Human Development Index using bad outputs and the Malmquist–Luenberger index.

The role of digitalization in the FDI – income inequality relationship in developed and developing countries

“…Furthermore, we emphasize that increasing government spending on education and healthcare financed by debt can widen income inequality (Obiero and Topuz, 2022). In particular, Ayvar-Campos et al. (2020) discovered that only three of the thirty-two observed units generate and distribute income efficiently.…”

“…The Middle East is the world's most unequal region, in which the top 10% captures 61% of national income. Notably, only 3 of the 32 states in Mexico generated and distributed income and wealth efficiently (Ayvar-Campos et al, 2020). Global income inequality has risen sharply since 1980.…”

Growth and inequality in the Mexican states: Regimes, thresholds, and traps

“…The authors introduce four factors that make Mexico a natural experiment to analyse inequality: (i) Mexico is one of the most unequal countries in the OECD;(ii) its economy has undergone political, economic, demographic and institutional changes that affect regional inequality and income; (iii) the inequality trends have been substantially different from those observed in other developing countries; and (iv) the internationalization of the economy could have had heterogeneous effects at the regional level. The economic inequality data in Mexico indicate that a significant percentage of the states have an asymmetric income distribution, which negatively affects the level of economic growth (Ayvar‐Campos et al, 2019; Quiroz & Salgado, 2016).…”

“…(iv) the internationalization of the economy could have had heterogeneous effects at the regional level. The economic inequality data in Mexico indicate that a significant percentage of the states have an asymmetric income distribution, which negatively affects the level of economic growth (Ayvar-Campos et al, 2019;Quiroz & Salgado, 2016).…”

Desigualdad económica y el impacto de las transferencias monetarias en el Estado de Veracruz, México, 2008-2020

“…L a desigualdad económica es uno de los problemas presentes en los diferentes países del mundo que incide en el bienestar de la humanidad en general por lo que su reducción es uno de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible y constituye una condición indispensable para el crecimiento económico (Stiglitz, 2018) y el desarrollo social. México es un país altamente desigual (Campos-Vázquez et al, 2018), dado que cada uno de los estados que componen la federación mantiene condiciones altamente heterogéneas (Ayvar-Campos et al, 2020), es por ello, que el análisis regional es fundamental (Cortés, 2013).…”