Generation and Evaluation of Lunar Dust Adhesion Mitigating Materials

Wohl, Christopher J.; Connell, John W.; Lin, Yi; Belcher, Marcus A.; Palmieri, Frank L.

doi:10.2514/6.2011-3676

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) was used as received. 1 H NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker (Avance 300) Multinuclear Spectrometer operating at 300.152 MHz. The spectra were collected in either CDCl 3 or d-DMSO.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NASA has several on-going and planned future projects with a need for surface engineered materials that mitigate or minimize the adhesion of a variety of species in diverse, and extreme environments. For example, preventing dust particles that might be encountered in extraterrestrial environments from accumulating on a solar array [1], ice and water droplets from accumulating during aircraft flight [2], or preventing insect residue from adhering to future aircraft surfaces thereby disrupting laminar flow, increasing drag and reducing fuel efficiency. [3] A number of effective techniques to modify the surface chemistry of polymeric materials have been investigated including chemical or physical vapor deposition [4], self-assembled monolayers [5], surface-confined chemical reactions [6], block copolymers [7], SMAs [8] and polymer brush growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of urethane co-oligomers containing pendant fluoroalkyl ether groups

Doss

Shanahan

Wohl

et al. 2016

Progress in Organic Coatings

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Coatings with the ability to minimize adhesion of insect residue and other debris are of great interest for future aircraft. These aircraft will exhibit increased fuel efficiency by maintaining natural laminar flow over greater wing chord distances. Successful coatings will mitigate the adhesion of debris on laminar flow surfaces that could cause a premature transition to turbulent flow. The use of surface modifying agents (SMA) that thermodynamically orient towards the air side of a coating can provide specific surface chemistry that may lead to a reduction of contaminate adhesion. Aluminum surfaces coated with urethane co-oligomers containing various amounts of pendant fluoroalky ether groups were prepared, characterized and tested for their abhesive properties. The coated surfaces were subjected to controlled impacts with wingless fruit flies (drosophila melanogaster) using both a benchtop wind tunnel and a larger-scaled wind tunnel test facility. Insect impacts were recorded and analyzed using high-speed digital photography and the remaining residues characterized using optical surface profilometry and compared to that of an aluminum control. It was determined that using fluorinated oligomers to chemically modify coating surfaces altered the adhesion properties relative to the adhesion of insect residues to the surface.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of urethane co-oligomers containing pendant fluoroalkyl ether groups

Doss

Shanahan

Wohl

et al. 2016

Progress in Organic Coatings

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“…Particle adhesion on nanostructured surfaces is largely dependent on the contact area and the material surface energy. − The contact radius between the nanostructures and dust particles can be reduced by minimizing the feature size of the nanostructures, as illustrated in Figure . The antidust nanostructured surfaces used in this work are fabricated using nanocoining and thermal nanoimprint lithography, which are highly scalable and have recently demonstrated the continuous patterning of nanostructures on a 60 feet long polymer substrate .…”

Section: Technical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Large-Area Antidust Surfaces by Harnessing Interparticle Forces

Lee

Micklow

Tunell

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Dust accumulation is detrimental to optical elements, electronic devices, and mechanical systems and is a significant problem in space missions and renewable energy deployment. In this paper, we report the demonstration of antidust nanostructured surfaces that can remove close to 98% of lunar particles solely via gravity. The dust mitigation is driven by a novel mechanism, whereby particle removal is facilitated by the formation of particle aggregates due to interparticle forces, allowing the particles to be removed in the presence of other particles. The structures are fabricated using a highly scalable nanocoining and nanoimprint process, where nanostructures with precise geometry and surface properties are patterned on polycarbonate substrates. The dust mitigation properties of the nanostructures have been characterized using optical metrology, electron microscopy, and image processing algorithms to demonstrate that the surfaces can be engineered to remove nearly all of the particles above 2 μm in size in the presence of Earth’s gravity. Compared to the 35.0% area coverage on a smooth polycarbonate surface, the particle coverage on nanostructures with 500 nm period is significantly reduced to 2.4%, an improvement of 93%. This work enhances the understanding of the particulate adhesion on textured surfaces and demonstrates a scalable, effective solution to antidust surfaces that can be broadly applied to windows, solar panels, and electronics.

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“…This phenomenon is now believed to be determined by nanostructure scale fluctuations on the surface. 15 Adhesion reduction between lunar dust and exposed materials has been proposed, or demonstrated by various means: by providing a conductive surface to bleed off charge, 16 by reducing the van der Waals forces by surface topography modifications 17,18 or by active dust mitigation using electric fields. 19,20,21 Starting in 2008, we developed an ion beam process that significantly reduced the adhesion of JSC-1AF lunar simulant to black Kapton surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfaces that shed dust: unraveling the mechanisms

Devaud¹,

Haley²,

Rockwell³

et al. 2014

SPIE Proceedings

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Tenacious adhesion of dust to surfaces in the vacuum environment of space is a significant obstacle to exploration and scientific discovery on the Moon, Mars and asteroids. Mitigating particle adhesion is also costly and difficult during semiconductor or optics processing on earth. Over the last eight years at Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp (BATC), we have demonstrated the effectiveness of an ion beam process that dramatically reduces the adhesion of lunar simulant dust to quartz, glass, Kapton, Teflon and silicon surfaces in dry, ambient, and vacuum environments. Treated silvercoated Teflon coupons performed well in a space-simulated environment at NASA Glenn Research Center. Surface roughening on an Ångstrom-level scale was found to correlate well with reduced adhesion, as did contact angle hysteresis. The large difference in advancing and receding contact angles reflects topological and/or chemical heterogeneity. Differences in contact charging are not believed to be major players in dust adhesion reduction. The physical basis of the dust mitigating properties of these modified surfaces is believed to be substantially due to nanometer scale differences between treated and virgin surfaces. Lastly, because this process does not add material, unlike a lotus-like coating or the work function matching coating, nor does it require power like the electrodynamic screen, it is particularly attractive for optical or thermal control materials that cannot tolerate coatings or where power is not available.

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Generation and Evaluation of Lunar Dust Adhesion Mitigating Materials

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of urethane co-oligomers containing pendant fluoroalkyl ether groups

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of urethane co-oligomers containing pendant fluoroalkyl ether groups

Engineering Large-Area Antidust Surfaces by Harnessing Interparticle Forces

Surfaces that shed dust: unraveling the mechanisms

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