Generation and perceptual implicit memory: Different generation tasks produce different effects on perceptual priming.

Abstract

The generation manipulation has been critical in delineating differences between implicit and explicit memory. In contrast to past research, the present experiments indicate that generating from a rhyme cue produces as much perceptual priming as does reading. This is demonstrated for 3 visual priming tasks: perceptual identification, word-fragment completion (WFC), and word-stem completion (WSC). This result occurred regardless of the mode of study response (written or spoken) or whether the generation condition was compared with reading words in or out of context. Rhyme generation did not produce priming on the letter height task (Masson & MacLeod, 2002), implying that the effect was not mediated by covert visualization. Nor was the effect due to the mere presence of the rhyme cue. Semantic generation (from definitions) produced a different pattern, exhibiting a reverse generation effect on WFC and WSC but full (read-level) priming on perceptual identification. The present results were not consistent with accounts based on the standard transfer-appropriate processing view, covert visualization, explicit contamination, or conceptual contributions to nominally perceptual tasks.

The visual priming effect of credit card advertising disclosure

“…Consequently, they concluded that most semantic generation tasks produced robust priming on perceptual identifi cation. Regardless of the mode of study response, Mulligan and Dew (2009) also found that semantic priming produced full priming effect on perceptual identifi cation. These results suggest that covert visualization through semantic context is consistent with data-driven proce sses ( Barnhurst et al , 2004 ;Mulligan and Dew, 2009 ).…”

“…Fazio et al (1983) found that individuals exposed to visual cues were found to be primed to retain that information in forming opinions. Given that a visual cue is typically used as a prime, processing the visual feature of the cue may also drive priming on the associated context ( Mulligan and Dew, 2009 ). Such a notion is consistent with the role that shape representation typically plays in perceptual priming ( Biederman and Cooper, 1991 ).…”

“…Research has differentiated information processing at encoding and retrieval stages and their corresponding processes ( Mulligan and Dew, 2009 ). The corresponding processes focus on either perceptual or conceptual processing.…”

“…In other words, visual priming enhances an individual ' s awareness of an object by making the object visually noticeable. One principle that can explain the visual priming effect on an individual ' s perceptions of credit card advertising disclosure is the principle of transfer-appropriate processing ( Mulligan and Dew, 2009 ). The general principle of transfer-appropriate processing states that processing and memory performance are directed by the association between the cognitive operations required at processing and at retrieval ( Morris et al , 1977 ).…”

“…The corresponding processes focus on either perceptual or conceptual processing. Whereas the process focusing on perceptual processing aims to maximize attentive cognition, conceptual processing focuses on comprehension and retention ( Mulligan and Dew, 2009 ). This study suggests that perceptual processing may rely on visual analysis, as visual priming is effective in attracting attention ( Bettman et al , 1986 ).…”