Generation and propagation of Airy beams and one inch diameter focusing optics using 3D printed polymer optics

Maruca, Stephanie; Jones, E. B. Gareth; Granmoe, Austin; Wlodawski, Mitch; Fenske, Tyler M.; Kamal, Muhammed; Dantsker, David; Marianucci, Damien; Fischer, Georg; Dupuy, Charles; Akhavan, Hooman; Grimm, Samuel Peter P.; Long, Frederick H.

doi:10.1117/12.2617070

Cited by 2 publications

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“…When surface curvatures are introduced to the 3D GRIN material, the DOF are further increased. 20,21 These designs can effectively address diverse performance criteria for a wide range of applications, all while reducing form factor, weight, and cost. Fig.…”

Section: Three-dimensional Gradient Index Optical Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased degrees of freedom afforded by 3D freeform gradient index optics

Williams,

Akhavan,

Harmon

2023

Digital Optical Technologies 2023

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Traditional approaches to satisfying optical performance requirements within application constraints leverage the degrees of freedom (DOF) provided by multiple surface shapes distributed among lenses composed of materials with different dispersion properties. Using homogeneous-index lens materials, the radius, conic constant, or higher order aspheric surfaces provide the DOF necessary to provide optical power and address certain geometric aberrations, while using lens materials with different dispersion properties provides the DOF necessary to compensate for chromatic aberrations. Nevertheless, to achieve the DOF necessary to achieve the performance required of compact head-mounted and mobile camera imaging systems, lens stacks must be composed of a significant number of complex shaped optical elements, resulting in undesirable size, weight, and cost.Recent advancements in inkjet print manufacture of three-dimensional (3D) freeform gradient-index (GRIN) optical materials have increased available design DOF by integrating volumetric index gradients within the bulk of the optical material. The 3D index gradients achieve optical power while reducing aberrations. Moreover, when the refractive index spectra of the optical feedstock are precisely formulated, dispersion may be independently controlled within the lens. The 3D GRIN optical materials may be machined and polished with aspheric or freeform surface shapes that further increase the DOF and provide lens designer unprecedented flexibility in lens designs with reduced lens counts.The performance benefits and applications of 3D GRIN optical elements are demonstrated, showcasing their potential to reduce size, weight, and cost in optical systems.

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Section: Three-dimensional Gradient Index Optical Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased degrees of freedom afforded by 3D freeform gradient index optics

Williams,

Akhavan,

Harmon

2023

Digital Optical Technologies 2023

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“…GRIN has been the subject of considerable research 2 , 14 – 19 It has been shown that GRIN offers added degrees of freedom in the form of dimensionally varying index gradients, 1 , 2 , 20 – 25 that may be used to reduce the size and weight of optical systems 1 , 24 ,. However, limited by available fabrication processes, GRIN lens geometries have historically been limited to modest radially symmetric index gradient profiles, their size limited do manufacturing constraints, and their dispersion characteristics limited by process compatible materials 26 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… – 38 An attribute of additive manufacturing is that designs can be readily fabricated, on demand, directly from software design tools, eliminating the cost and lead times associated with manufacturing conventional freeform optics. It has recently been demonstrated that drop-on-demand inkjet print additive manufacturing can be used to create volumetric index gradients within an optical element 21 , 30 , 30 – 32 In addition to enabling fabrication of radially symmetric spheric GRIN elements, using inkjet print manufacturing it is possible to fabricate complex radially symmetric aspheric index gradients, as well as three-dimensional (3D) aspheric index gradients, wherein high-order gradient profiles vary axially as function of their position on the optical axis 23 , 24 , 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has recently been demonstrated that drop-on-demand inkjet print additive manufacturing can be used to create volumetric index gradients within an optical element. 21,30,[30][31][32] In addition to enabling fabrication of radially symmetric spheric GRIN elements, using inkjet print manufacturing it is possible to fabricate complex radially symmetric aspheric index gradients, as well as three-dimensional (3D) aspheric index gradients, wherein high-order gradient profiles vary axially as function of their position on the optical axis. 23,24,24 Inkjet print manufacturing is also particularly well suited for manufacturing freeform index gradients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23,24,24 Inkjet print manufacturing is also particularly well suited for manufacturing freeform index gradients. 20,21,30,31 Freeform optics have, to date, almost exclusively referred to freeform surfaces; however, freeform GRIN optics offer an alternative method of transforming optical phase. 4 In plano-plano freeform GRIN phase plates, the refractive index gradient controls optical path differences (OPD) rather than the summation of figure thicknesses, as is the case for shaped homogeneous index freeforms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inkjet-printed freeform gradient refractive index Alvarez-Lohmann optics for vision correction in respiratory masks

Williams

Harmon

2023

Opt. Eng.

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Inkjet-print additive manufactured freeform gradient refractive index representations of an Alvarez-Lohmann lens were developed and optimized for use in vision-correction inserts for respiratory masks. A series of planar 30-mm by 20-mm Alvarez-Lohmann lens pair were printed and characterized. Select lens pairs were mounted with printed mechanical lens mounts and translation guides optimized for vision correction. Metrology showed accurate reproduction of the cubic refractive phase functions. Tests matching simulated performance showed a large diopter adjustment over a large eyebox and a wide gaze angle. The printed optics were environmentally tested and then mounted in a respiratory mask and demonstrated with gloveaccessible control electronics. The performance demonstrates the benefits of using printed three-dimensional freeform gradient index optics for implementing complex refractive optical functions for challenging applications including artificial and virtual reality systems. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Generation and propagation of Airy beams and one inch diameter focusing optics using 3D printed polymer optics

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Increased degrees of freedom afforded by 3D freeform gradient index optics

Increased degrees of freedom afforded by 3D freeform gradient index optics

Inkjet-printed freeform gradient refractive index Alvarez-Lohmann optics for vision correction in respiratory masks

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