Generation of Acetoin and Its Derivatives in Foods

Xiao, Zijun; Lu, Jian R.

doi:10.1021/jf5013902

Cited by 108 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…It is widely used as a flavour and fragrance in the food industry 1 and applied as an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and multifunctional materials 2, 3 . Due to its broad applications and great potential in large-scale industrial production, acetoin was classified as a promising bio-based platform chemical, and thus, its development and utilization was given priority by the U.S. Department of Energy 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, methods for acetoin production have attracted extensive attention with its increasing demand in recent years. Currently, commercially available acetoin is largely produced by using chemical synthesis from fossil feedstocks, such as 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD), butanone and diacetyl 1 . However, large-scale acetoin production has been limited due to the environmental problems from the chemical processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A thermophilic cell-free cascade enzymatic reaction for acetoin synthesis from pyruvate

Jia

Liu

Han

2017

Sci Rep

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Acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone) is an important bio-based platform chemical with wide applications. In vitro enzyme catalysed synthesis exhibits great feasibility in the production of chemicals with high purity. In the present work, a synthetic pathway involving a two-step continuous reaction was constructed in vitro for acetoin production from pyruvate at improved temperature. Thermostable candidates, acetolactate synthase (coAHASL1 and coAHASL2 from Caldicellulosiruptor owensensis OL) and α-acetolactate decarboxylase (bsALDC from Bacillus subtilis IPE5-4) were cloned, heterologously expressed, and characterized. All the enzymes showed maximum activities at 65–70 °C and pH of 6.5. Enzyme kinetics analysis showed that coAHASL1 had a higher activity but lower affinity against pyruvate than that of coAHASL2. In addition, the activities of coAHASL1 and bsALDC were promoted by Mn2+ and NADPH. The cascade enzymatic reaction was optimized by using coAHASL1 and bsALDC based on their kinetic properties. Under optimal conditions, a maximum concentration of 3.36 ± 0.26 mM acetoin was produced from 10 mM pyruvate after reaction for 24 h at 65 °C. The productivity of acetoin was 0.14 mM h−1, and the yield was 67.80% compared with the theoretical value. The results confirmed the feasibility of synthesis of acetoin from pyruvate with a cell-free enzyme catalysed system at improved temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A thermophilic cell-free cascade enzymatic reaction for acetoin synthesis from pyruvate

Jia

Liu

Han

2017

Sci Rep

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“…It was widely used as food flavor enhancer in food industry [1] and applied as an important intermediate in drug and chemical synthesis and multifunctional materials [2, 3]. Due to these important applications, it was classified as one of the 30 bio-based platform chemicals which should be given the higher priority to the development and utilization by the U.S. Department of Energy in 2004 [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, the demand of acetoin has been increasing in recent years, and more attentions have been focused on its production methods. Currently, commercially available acetoin is mainly obtained from fossil feedstocks through chemical conversion of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD), butanone, or diacetyl [1], whereas these chemical processes are not environmentally friendly and large-scale production of acetoin was limited by the low conversion rate, low safety of food, restrictions of raw materials, and so on. Therefore, some efforts have been made to develop biotechnological production methods including enzymatic conversion and microbial fermentation [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose of biomass simultaneously to acetoin by thermophilic simultaneous saccharification and fermentation

Jia

Peng

Liu

et al. 2017

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundAcetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone), the precursor of biofuel 2,3-butanediol, is an important bio-based platform chemical with wide applications. Fermenting the low-cost and renewable plant biomass is undoubtedly a promising strategy for acetoin production. Isothermal simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is regarded as an efficient method for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass, in which the temperature optima fitting for both lignocellulose-degrading enzymes and microbial strains.ResultsA thermotolerant (up to 52 °C) acetoin producer Bacillus subtilis IPE5-4 which simultaneously consumed glucose and xylose was isolated and identified. By compound mutagenesis, the mutant IPE5-4-UD-4 with higher acetoin productivity was selected. When fermenting at 50 °C in a 5-L bioreactor using glucose as the feedstock by strain IPE5-4-UD-4, the acetoin concentration reached 28.83 ± 0.91 g L−1 with the acetoin yield and productivity of 0.34 g g−1 glucose and 0.60 g L−1 h−1, respectively. Furthermore, an optimized and thermophilic SSF process operating at 50 °C was conducted for acetoin production from alkali-pretreated corncob (APC). An acetoin concentration of 12.55 ± 0.28 g L−1 was achieved by strain IPE5-4-UD-4 in shake flask SSF, with the acetoin yield and productivity of 0.25 g g−1 APC and 0.17 g L−1 h−1. Meanwhile, the utilization of cellulose and hemicellulose in the SSF approach reached 96.34 and 93.29%, respectively. When further fermented at 50 °C in a 5-L bioreactor, the concentration of acetoin reached the maximum of 22.76 ± 1.16 g L−1, with the acetoin yield and productivity reaching, respectively, 0.46 g g−1 APC and 0.38 g L−1 h−1. This was by far the highest acetoin yield in SSF from lignocellulosic biomass.ConclusionsThis thermophilic SSF process provided an efficient and economical route for acetoin production from lignocellulosic biomass at ideal temperature for both enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13068-017-0924-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The latter is commercially infeasible due to the high price of 2,3‐butanediol. Although natural acetoin is available from several small fermentation plants, current commercial acetoin is mainly produced by chemical synthesis from fossil‐based raw materials . Even though consumers prefer natural products and the production processes from renewable materials have several advantages such as being sustainable and environmentally benign, manufacturing industry prefers to supply chemically synthesized material simply due to the low cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐sterilized fermentative production of acetoin with 2,3‐butanediol as a main byproduct from maize hydrolysate by a newly isolated thermophilic Bacillus strain

Xiao¹,

Gu²,

Hou³

et al. 2017

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Acetoin is an important biorefinery platform chemical with many industrial uses. It is mainly produced by chemical synthesis or mesophilic fermentation with high costs. RESULTS A thermophilic Bacillus strain was isolated to efficiently produce acetoin from maize hydrolysate at 50°C. The fermentation medium was statistically optimized by Plackett–Burman design. Operational conditions were then optimized using a 4.2 L fermenter conducted at 50°C without sterilization. Oxygen enriched air (65% oxygen) accelerated substrate consumption but did not increase product titer. In comparison with 600 rpm, agitation speed controlled at 400 rpm yielded less acetoin but more 2,3‐butanediol in the final products. A two‐stage pH control strategy (pH first at 6.6–7.1 then at 7.7–8.0) was applied to further increase the yield of acetoin. Finally, 50.8 g L‐1 of acetoin and 32.1 g L‐1 of 2,3‐butanediol were obtained from 251 g L‐1 of degermed maize flour (dry weight). The conversion yield from sugar to the 4‐carbon compounds (acetoin and 2,3‐butanediol) was 94.4% of the theoretical value. CONCLUSION This is the first report of non‐sterilized fermentative production of acetoin. Using degermed maize hydrolysate as the main feedstock, this work sets a new titer record of acetoin fermentation among known thermophilic producing systems. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

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Generation of Acetoin and Its Derivatives in Foods

Cited by 108 publications

References 78 publications

A thermophilic cell-free cascade enzymatic reaction for acetoin synthesis from pyruvate

A thermophilic cell-free cascade enzymatic reaction for acetoin synthesis from pyruvate

Conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose of biomass simultaneously to acetoin by thermophilic simultaneous saccharification and fermentation

Non‐sterilized fermentative production of acetoin with 2,3‐butanediol as a main byproduct from maize hydrolysate by a newly isolated thermophilic Bacillus strain

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